Browsing by Subject "Fear"

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    Comparing the response modulation hypothesis and the integrated emotions system theory: the role of top-down attention in psychopathy
    (Elsevier, 2018) Munneke, Jaap; Hoppenbrouwers, S. S.; Little, B.; Kooiman, K.; van der Burg, E.; Theeuwes, J.
    Objective Two major etiological theories on psychopathy propose different mechanisms as to how emotional facial expressions are processed by individuals with elevated psychopathic traits. The Response Modulation Hypothesis (RMH) proposes that psychopathic individuals show emotional deficits as a consequence of attentional deployment, suggesting that emotional deficits are situation-specific. The Integrated Emotions System theory (IES) suggests that psychopathic individuals have a fundamental amygdala dysfunction which precludes adequate responsiveness to the distress of others. Methods Participants performed a visual search task in which they had to find a male target face among two female distractor faces. Top-down attentional set was manipulated by having participants either respond to the face's orientation, or its emotional expression. Results When emotion was task-relevant, the low-scoring psychopathy group showed attentional capture by happy and fearful distractor faces, whereas the elevated group showed capture by fearful, but not happy distractor faces. Conclusion This study provides evidence for the RMH such that top-down attention influences the way emotional faces attract attention in individuals with elevated psychopathic traits. However, the different response patterns for happy and fearful faces suggest that top-down attention may not determine the processing of all types of emotional facial expressions in psychopathy.
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    Dünya politikasında güvenlik ikilemleri: çatışan anlayışlar, değişen örnekler ve kavramın geleceğine yönelik bir çalışma
    (Uluslararası Stratejik Araştırmalar Kurumu, 2015) Bilgiç, Ali
    Bu çalışmada, güvenlik ikilemi kavramının tarihsel gelişimi ve değişimi, devletler, toplumlar, ve bireyler arası çok boyutluluğu ve çerçevesiyle birlikte güvenlik çalışmalarının analitik çerçevesinin genişlemesine paralel olarak tartışılacaktır. Tartışma, realist anlayışının egemen olduğu ilk dönem olan kavramın doğuşunun açıklanmasıyla başlayacaktır. İkinci adım ise Soğuk Savaş Sonrası Güvenlik İkilemine Yaklaşımlar başlığını taşımaktadır. Bu adımda, Soğuk Savaş sonrası dünyada öne çıkan yeni güvenlik sorunları ve Uluslararası İlişkiler disiplini içindeki güvenlik anlayışının gelişmesine paralel olarak güvenlik ikilemi kavramındaki değişiklikler irdelenecektir. Güvenlik İkileminin Yeniden Düşünülmesi adı altındaki üçüncü adımda, kavramın son yıllarda nasıl kökünden değiştirildiği açıklanacaktır. Bölümün sonunda, güvenlik ikilemi kavramının geleceği ile ilgili sorulara ışık tutulacaktır. Bu çalışmada yararlanılacak örnek olaylar ise Yedi Yıl Savaşları, Soğuk Savaş’ın başlangıç safhası, Küba Füze Krizi, Yugoslavya’nın parçalanma süreci ve Avrupa Birliği’nin inşa aşamaları olacaktır. Makale kavramın geleceğine yönelik soruların tartışılmasıyla sonlandırılacaktır
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    Evil in Nietzsche and its reflections in the speeches of George W Bush and Osama bin Laden after September 11
    (2004) İnanç, Zeynep
    In this thesis I use Nietzsche’s conception of evil and power in problematizing George W. Bush and Osama bin Laden’s statements after the September 11 event. My main argument is based on Nietzsche’s conceptualization of the creation of the idea of the real world. This idea of the real world is founded upon morality. I focus on a specific dimension of the conceptualization of evil which requires an incessant struggle between good and evil. Bush and Laden construct their moral wars against one another with a belief that one of them will eventually win. Following Nietzsche’s framework, this thesis argues that this moral war is never going to end because this war is not meant to end, as the continuity of the war ensures the continuity of the power holders’ power.
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    Fearful faces do not lead to faster attentional deployment in individuals with elevated psychopathic traits
    (Springer New York LLC, 2017) Hoppenbrouwers, S. S.; Munneke, Jaap; Kooiman, K. A.; Little, B.; Neumann, C. S.; Theeuwes, J.
    In the current study, a gaze-cueing experiment (similar to Dawel et al. 2015) was conducted in which the predictivity of a gaze-cue was manipulated (non-predictive vs highly predictive). This was done to assess the degree to which individuals with elevated psychopathic traits can use contextual information (i.e., the predictivity of the cue). Psychopathic traits were measured with the Self-Report Psychopathy Scale-Short Form (SRP-SF) in a mixed sample (undergraduate students and community members). Results showed no group difference in reaction times between high and non-predictive cueing blocks, suggesting that individuals with elevated psychopathic traits can indeed use contextual information when it is relevant. In addition, we observed that fearful facial expressions did not lead to a change in reaction times in individuals with elevated psychopathic traits, whereas individuals with low psychopathic traits showed speeded responses when confronted with a fearful face, compared to a neutral face. This suggests that fearful faces do not lead to faster attentional deployment in individuals with elevated psychopathic traits. © 2017, The Author(s).
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    “Güvenlik ikilemi”ni yeniden düşünmek güvenlik çalışmaları’nda yeni bir perspektif
    (Uluslararası İlişkiler Konseyi Derneği İktisadi İşletmesi, 2011) Bilgiç, Ali
    Bu makale, yarım yüzyıl önce oluşturulan, sürekli geliştirilen ve son yıllarda yeniden düşünülen “güvenlik ikilemi” kavramının değişimini üç ana başlıkta incelemektedir. İlk dönemde kavram, Soğuk Savaş dönemi güvenlik anlayışıyla oluşturulmuştur. İkinci dönem, dünya siyasetine egemen olan yeni güvenlik sorunları ve buna paralel olarak Uluslararası İlişkiler disiplinindeki güvenlik anlayışının genişlemesiyle, kavramın zenginleştiği dönemdir. Son dönem, “güvenlik ikilemi”nin kökünden değiştirildiği, yeniden düşünüldüğü ve yeni fikirlerle beslendiği dönemdir. Bu yeni fikirler içinde, disiplinde kısıtlı olarak çalışılan “güven” kavramı güvenlik ikilemlerinin aşılması için önerilmiştir. “Güvenlik İkilemi” yeniden düşünülmüş haliyle, güvenliğin ve güvensizliğin anlaşılması, çalışılması ve yeniden düşünülmesi için yeni bir perspektif sunmaktadır.
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    Kokunun gözbebekleri
    (1978) Candan, Mazhar
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    The only thing we have to fear: post 9/11 institutionalization of in-security
    (Uluslararası İlişkiler Konseyi Derneği, 2012) Çelikpala, M.; Öztürk, Duygu
    During the last decade, billions of dollars have been spent to increase security measures in the United States. New institutions, including a department for homeland security, have been established, new security tools have been developed, and surveillance of Americans has been increased. However, despite the creation of 'safety zones,' neither the level of the Americans' feeling of security from further terrorist attacks, nor their confidence in the ability of US governments to prevent attacks, has seen an increase. According to Beck, who introduced the concepts of 'world risk society' and 'reflexive modernity', terrorism is one of the products of reflexive modernity which cannot be addressed by traditional security measures. Within this framework, this paper analyzes the case of the Americans since 9/11 attacks. In this vein, it is argued that the gap which has arisen as a result of addressing non-territory and non-state-based terrorism through state-based security measures has caused a continuation of a high level of insecurity, fear, and anxiety among the Americans. Public opinion surveys conducted in the United States since the 9/11 attacks by various institutions are used to analyze Americans' thoughts about security and the terror risk in the United States. © International Relations Council of Turkey (UİK-IRCT).
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    Reliability and validity of the pain anxiety symptom scale in Persian speaking chronic low back pain patients
    (Lippincott Williams and Wilkins, 2017) Shanbehzadeh, S.; Salavati, M.; Tavahomi, M.; Khatibi, A.; Talebian, S.; Kalantari K. K.
    Study Design. Psychometric testing of the Persian version of Pain Anxiety Symptom Scale 20. Objective. The aim of this study was to assess the reliability and construct validity of the PASS-20 in nonspecific chronic low back pain (LBP) patients. Summary of Background Data. The PASS-20 is a self-report questionnaire that assesses pain-related anxiety. The Psychometric properties of this instrument have not been assessed in Persian-speaking chronic LBP patients. Methods. One hundred and sixty participants with chronic LBP completed the Persian version of PASS-20, Tampa Scale of Kinesiophobia (TSK), Fear-Avoidance Beliefs Questionnaire (FABQ), Pain Catastrophizing Scale (PCS), trait form of the State-Trait Anxiety (STAI-T), Oswestry Low Back Pain Disability Index (ODI), Beck Depression Inventory (BDI-II), and Visual Analogue Scale (VAS). To evaluate test-retest reliability, 60 patients filled out the PASS-20, 6 to 8 days after the first visit. Test-retest reliability (intraclass correlation coefficient [ICC], standard error of measurement [SEM], and minimal detectable change [MDC]), internal consistency, dimensionality, and construct validity were examined. Results. The ICCs of the PASS-20 subscales and total score ranged from 0.71 to 0.8. The SEMs for PASS-20 total score was 7.29 and for the subscales ranged from 2.43 to 2.98. The MDC for the total score was 20.14 and for the subscales ranged from 6.71 to 8.23. The Cronbach alpha values for the subscales and total score ranged from 0.70 to 0.91. Significant positive correlations were found between the PASS-20 total score and PCS, TSK, FABQ, ODI, BDI, STAI-T, and pain intensity. Conclusion. The Persian version of the PASS-20 showed acceptable psychometric properties for the assessment of pain-related anxiety in Persian-speaking patients with chronic LBP. © 2017 Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. All rights reserved.
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    The socio-cultural perception of death in Turkish society recorded in lament epics (1955-1975)
    (Baywood Publishing Co. Inc., 2014) Izgi, M. C.; Abdulla, T.; Çoban, M.; Onay, E.; Lutz, E. E.
    This study explores the socio-cultural perception of death among Turkish people. For this reason, 210 published lament epics written by Turkish folk singers across all of Turkey concerning deaths between 1955 and 1975 were selected for analysis. These epics were published on single pages and were sold. The statistical analysis based on detailed content analysis was done at the univariate, bivariate, and multivariate levels. The results of the study provide a full picture of perception of cases of death in Turkish society. These results show Turkish society is especially sensitive to cases of death at young age and to the murdered. Further, a clear perception of the working of fate is encountered in deaths resulting from disaster and accidents; but the desire for vengeance is recorded in those laments concerning martyrs and the murdered. The statistical data show that most commonly cited reasons for death after road accidents, were a consequence of relationships with the opposite sex and from a sense of honor. © 2014, Baywood Publishing Co., Inc.
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    Yalnızım : Korkuyorum
    (1998) Nesimi, Necati
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    Yaşar Kemal, insanlığın trajedisini yazıyor
    (1991) Andaç, Feridun
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    Zincir mektupların jung'un bilinçdışının dinsel işlevi ve arketipleriyle okunması
    (Geleneksel Yayıncılık, 2008) Abalı, N.
    Yazılı halk biçimleri olarak ele alınan zincir mektuplar, günümüzde cep telefonu ve elektronik posta yoluyla varlığını sürdürmektedir. Bu makalede cep telefonları yoluyla yayılan bir zincir mektup örneği Jung’un bilinçdışının işlevi bağlamında incelenecektir. Bu dua içerikli zincir mektubun içerdiği kültürel kodların, alıcı tarafından nasıl algılandığı ve alıcının bilinçdışını nasıl harekete geçirdiği üzerinde durulacaktır. Dua içerikli zincir mektupların dolaşımda olması, dinin insanlar üzerindeki etkisiyle açıkla