Browsing by Subject "Ekonomik bağımsızlık"

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    SEKA paper factories: Turkey’s pursuit of paper independence and industrial resilience
    (Bilkent University, 2025) Gumukhov, Agil; Garayeva, Sima; Aliyev, Elmir; Ismayilova, Nigar
    In the early decades of the 19th century, Turkey had economic obstacles with many shortcomings. These problems can be caused by several factors such as reduced production and external government debt. Thereby, SEKA was one of the major means for ensuring economic independence, creating jobs, and serving local development in the Kocaeli region. But in the 1980s, SEKA started to face tough competition from modernized foreign producers, was plagued by financial difficulties, and felt the sting of environmental challenges related to deforestation and sustainability in paper production. These were further aggravated by neoliberal economic policies and privatization efforts, which finally led to the closure of SEKA in 2005. Despite this, SEKA left an important mark in Turkey's industrial history with regard to workforce development and environmental responsibility, its impact is still felt today through the SEKA Paper Museum and its contributions to regional economic growth.