Browsing by Subject "Developing countries"
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Item Restricted Appropriate industrial technology: Benefits and obstacles(1981) Pack, HowardItem Restricted Az gelişmiş ülkelerde hikaye-roman sorunu(1965) Özlü, DemirItem Restricted Item Restricted Çağını sorgulayan kuramsal terörist : Jean Baudrillard'dan "Kötülüğün şeffaflığı"(1996) Şahiner, RıfatItem Open Access Demographics, treatment and outcomes of atrial fibrillation in a developing country: the population-based TuRkish Atrial Fibrillation (TRAF) cohort(Oxford University Press, 2017) Yavuz, B.; Ata, N.; Oto, E.; Katircioglu-Öztürk, D.; Aytemir, K.; Evranos, B.; Koselerli, R.; Ertugay, E.; Burkan, A.; Ertugay, E.; Gale, C. P.; Camm, A. J.; Oto, A.Aims: Although atrial fibrillation (AF) is increasingly common in developed countries, there is limited information regarding its demographics, co-morbidities, treatments and outcomes in the developing countries. We present the profile of the TuRkish Atrial Fibrillation (TRAF) cohort which provides real-life data about prevalence, incidence, comorbidities, treatment, healthcare utilization and outcomes associated with AF. Methods and results: The TRAF cohort was extracted from MEDULA, a health insurance database linking hospitals, general practitioners, pharmacies and outpatient clinics for almost 100% of the inhabitants of the country. The cohort includes 507 136 individuals with AF between 2008 and 2012 aged >18 years who survived the first 30 days following diagnosis. Of 507 136 subjects, there were 423 109 (83.4%) with non-valvular AF and 84 027 (16.6%) with valvular AF. The prevalence was 0.80% in non-valvular AF and 0.28% in valvular AF; in 2012 the incidence of non-valvular AF (0.17%) was higher than valvular AF (0.04%). All-cause mortality was 19.19% (97 368) and 11.47% (58 161) at 1-year after diagnosis of AF. There were 35 707 (7.04%) ischaemic stroke/TIA/thromboembolism at baseline and 34 871 (6.87%) during follow-up; 11 472 (2.26%) major haemorrhages at baseline and 10 183 (2.01%) during followup, and 44 116 (8.69%) hospitalizations during the follow-up. Conclusion: The TRAF cohort is the first population-based, whole-country cohort of AF epidemiology, quality of care and outcomes. It provides a unique opportunity to study the patterns, causes and impact of treatments on the incidence and outcomes of AF in a developing country. Published on behalf of the European Society of Cardiology. All rights reserved. © The Author 2017.Item Open Access Discrimination against teenagers in the mall environment: a case from Ankara, Turkey(Libra Publishers, 2009-02) Mugan, G.; Erkip, F.Teenagers spend much of their leisure time at shopping malls which is a result of factors such as parental constraint due to the incivility of the streets, financial dependence, and limited financial resources. Migros, a shopping mall in Ankara was chosen as the sit for this research wiht the main purpose of studying discrimination patterns against teenagers in the mall environment. The research was carried out through observation and in-depth interviews with 104 teenagers. Results indicate that, although they have some complaints, most of the teenagers do not perceive discrimination in the mall, unlike their foreign counterparts.Item Open Access Does control of rheumatic disease raise the standard of living in developing countries?(2009) Wigley, R.; Chopra, A.; Wigley, S.; Akkoyunlu-Wigley, A.[No abstract available]Item Restricted Düşünce ve gerçek ya da modern dünya ve Baudrillard(1992) Adanır, OğuzItem Restricted Kuramsal şiddet ya da Baudrillard üzerine düşünceler(2002) Otan, OzanItem Open Access A Kuznets curve in environmental efficiency: an application on OECD countries(Springer Netherlands, 2000) Zaim, O.; Taskin, F.The role of the environment is an important issue in policy making and the accurate assessment of the environmental conditions is vital. In this paper, using nonparametric techniques, an environmental efficiency index is developed for each of the OECD countries. These indexes allow one both to do cross section comparisons on the state of each country's production process in its treatment of undesirable outputs and also to trace each country's modification of their production processes overtime. Furthermore in this study we investigate the factors underlying societies' environmental concerns that eventually lead to changes in the environmental efficiency. The results provide further empirical evidence for the environmental Kuznets curve hypothesis.The role of the environment is an important issue in policy making and the accurate assessment of the environmental conditions is vital. In this paper, using nonparametric techniques, an environmental efficiency index is developed for each of the OECD countries. These indexes allow one both to do cross section comparisons on the state of each country's production process in its treatment of undesirable outputs and also to trace each country's modification of their production processes overtime. Furthermore in this study we investigate the factors underlying societies' environmental concerns that eventually lead to changes in the environmental efficiency. The results provide further empirical evidence for the environmental Kuznets curve hypothesis.An environmental efficiency index for each OECD state is developed, using nonparametric techniques. The indices facilitate cross-section comparisons on the status of each nation's production processes in its treatment of waste and pollutants. Modifications of production processes over time can also be tracked. Factors underlying societal environmental concerns that eventually result in changes in environmental efficiency are also analyzed, and results provide additional empirical evidence for the environmental Kuznets curve hypothesis.Item Open Access Limits to community participation in the tourism development process in developing countries(Pergamon Press, 2000-12) Tosun, C.This study deals with a normative concept of participatory development approach, which originates in the developed world. In particular, it analyses and explains the limitations to the participatory tourism development approach in the context of developing countries. It was found that there are operational, structural and cultural limits to community participation in the TDP in many developing countries although they do not equally exist in every tourist destination. Moreover, while these limits tend to exhibit higher intensity and greater persistence in the developing world than in the developed world, they appear to be a reflection of prevailing socio-political, economic and cultural structure in many developing countries. On the other hand, it was also found that although these limitations may vary over time according to types, scale and levels of tourism development, the market served, and cultural attributes of local communities, forms and scale of tourism developed are beyond the control of local communities. It concludes that formulating and implementing the participatory tourism development approach requires a total change in socio-political, legal, administrative and economic structure of many developing countries, for which hard political choices and logical decisions based on cumbersome social, economic and environmental trade-offs are sine qua non alongside deliberate help, collaboration and co-operation of major international donor agencies, NGOs, international tour operators and multinational companies. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.Item Restricted Marxisms as Utopias: Evolving Ideologies(1986) Wallerstein, ImmanuelItem Open Access Moderating effects of climate and external support on transformational leadership and technological innovation: An investigation in creative ventures in Turkey(IEEE, 2006) Gümüsluoğlu, Lale T.; Ilsev, A.The purpose of this study was to investigate the influence of transformational leadership on technological innovation at the organizational level. Specifically, it was proposed that transformational leadership would have a positive effect on organizational innovation. Furthermore, this effect was proposed to be moderated by an innovation-supporting climate and support received from external organizations. These relationships were tested on 163 R&D personnel and managers of 43 micro- and small-sized Turkish entrepreneurial software development companies. The results confirmed the positive impact of transformational leadership on organizational innovation, which was measured with a market-oriented criterion developed specifically for developing countries and newly developing industries. Furthermore, the relationship between transformational leadership and organizational innovation was stronger when external support was at high levels than when there was no external support. The moderating effect of an innovation-supporting climate was not significant. Managerial implications as well as policy recommendations are provided, for micro and small-sized enterprises in particular. (c) 2006 PICMET.Item Restricted North-south: A program for survival(1981) Officer, Lawrence H.Item Restricted Okurken yazarken : Kentler, mezarlar vesaire(1983) Oktay, AhmetItem Restricted Postindustrial politics in Germany and the origins of the greens(1986) Chandler, William M.Item Open Access Predicting international students' academic success... may not always be enough: assessing Turkey's Foreign Study Scholarship Program(Kluwer Academic Publishers, 2007) Mathews, J.In 1993, Turkey's Higher Education Council (YOK) launched a program to sponsor thousands of students for graduate study abroad, in the hopes of building up a base of highly qualified, foreign educated faculty for 24 newly established universities nationwide. With an incoming new YOK administration in 1995, dramatic changes were made in the program's selection procedures. One of the key elements of these changes was the inclusion of a high foreign language proficiency requirement, which served both to meet certain ideological goals of the new administration as well as presuming to reduce the high degree of student failure abroad. In addition to assessing the overall success of the scholarship program in light of the changes made, this study provides another look at the connection between language proficiency and academic success, with both qualitative and quantitative data collected from 23 'YOK scholars'. Although finding a positive relation between language proficiency and academic success, the study suggests that rather than having solved the scholarship program's problems by imposing high language proficiency requirements, the new YOK administration actually reduced even further the program's ability to successfully supply faculty to the new universities. Recommendations are made for the Turkish and similar foreign study programs.Item Open Access Relationship between financial crisis and foreign direct investment in developing countries using semiparametric regression approach(Taylor & Francis, 2010) Ucal, M.; Özcan, K. M.; Bilgin, M. H.; Mungo J.This paper analyzes whether and to what extent the inflow of FDI is affected before and after the occurence of a financial crisis in developing countries. The paper uses a semiparametric Generalized Partial Linear Models (GPLM) regression approach to check the appropriateness and effectiveness of financial crisis in the FDI regression model. The results indicate that FDI inflows decrease in the years after a financial crisis and an upturn in FDI inflows the year before a financial crisis hit the country.Item Open Access The resource curse and child mortality, 1961–2011(Elsevier Ltd, 2017) Wigley, S.There is now an extensive literature on the adverse effect of petroleum wealth on the political, economic and social well-being of a country. In this study we examine whether the so-called resource curse extends to the health of children, as measured by under-five mortality. We argue that the type of revenue available to governments in petroleum-rich countries reduces their incentive to improve child health. Whereas the type of revenue available to governments in petroleum-poor countries encourages policies designed to improve child health. In order to test that line of argument we employ a panel of 167 countries (all countries with populations above 250,000) for the years 1961–2011. We find robust evidence that petroleum-poor countries outperform petroleum-rich countries when it comes to reducing under-five mortality. This suggests that governments in oil abundant countries often fail to effectively use the resource windfall at their disposal to improve child health.Item Open Access Transformational leadership and organizational innovation: the roles of internal and external support for innovation(Wiley-Blackwell Publishing, 2009) Gumusluğlu, L.; Ilsev, A.Leadership has been suggested to be an important factor affecting innovation. A number of studies have shown that transformational leadership positively influences organizational innovation. However, there is a lack of studies examining the contextual conditions under which this effect occurs or is augmented. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the impact of transformational leadership on organizational innovation and to determine whether internal and external support for innovation as contextual conditions influence this effect. Organizational innovation was conceptualized as the tendency of the organization to develop new or improved products or services and its success in bringing those products or services to the market. Transformational leadership was hypothesized to have a positive influence on organizational innovation. Furthermore, this effect was proposed to be moderated by internal support for innovation, which refers to an innovation supporting climate and adequate resources allocated to innovation. Support received from external organizations for the purposes of knowledge and resource acquisition was also proposed to moderate the relationship between transformational leadership and organizational innovation. To test these hypotheses, data were collected from 163 research and development (R&D) employees and managers of 43 micro- and small-sized Turkish entrepreneurial software development companies. Two separate questionnaires were used to collect the data. Employees' questionnaires included measures of transformational leadership and internal support for innovation, whereas managers' questionnaires included questions about product innovations of their companies and the degree of support they received from external institutions. Organizational innovation was measured with a market-oriented criterion developed specifically for developing countries and newly developing industries. Hierarchical regression analysis was used to test the hypothesized effects. The results of the analysis provided support for the positive influence of transformational leadership on organizational innovation. This finding is significant because this positive effect was identified in micro- and small-sized companies, whereas previous research focused mainly on large companies. In addition, external support for innovation was found to significantly moderate this effect. Specifically, the relationship between transformational leadership and organizational innovation was stronger when external support was at high levels than when there was no external support. This study is the first to investigate and empirically show the importance of this contextual condition for organizational innovation. The moderating effect of internal support for innovation, however, was not significant. This study shows that transformational leadership is an important determinant of organizational innovation and encourages managers to engage in transformational leadership behaviors to promote organizational innovation. In line with this, transformational leadership, which is heavily suggested to be a subject of management training and development in developed countries, should also be incorporated into such programs in developing countries. Moreover, this study highlights the importance of external support in the organizational innovation process. The results suggest that technical and financial support received from outside the organization can be a more important contextual influence in boosting up innovation than an innovation-supporting internal climate. Therefore, managers, particularly of micro- and small-sized companies, should play external roles such as boundary spanning and should build relationships with external institutions that provide technical and financial support. The findings of this study are especially important for managers of companies that plan to or currently operate in countries with developing economies.