Browsing by Subject "Deregulation"
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Item Open Access The impact of financial liberalization and the rise of financial rents on income inequality: the case of Turkey(Oxford University Press, 2004) Yeldan, A. E.This is the third of five country case studies on income inequality, and investigates the impact of financial liberalization and the rise of financial rents on income inequality in Turkey. The chapter has five sections: Introduction; Indicators of Income Distribution: The Evidence-a broad overview, and evidence on the patterns of income distribution in Turkey over the last three decades; Macroeconomic Adjustment under Financial Liberalization and the Rise of Financial Rents-a discussion of the evolution of functional categories of income that includes an account of the macroeconomic adjustment; The Rising Fiscal Gap and the Role of the State in Regulating the Distributional Structure-a detailed analysis of the rise in public sector deficits and the distributive consequences of the widening fiscal gap; and Concluding Comments and Overall Assessment. Sect. 3 looks at the inherent tensions caused by the macroeconomic disequilibria embodied in the process of integration with world markets under conditions of a poorly supervised banking system and underdeveloped and fragile domestic asset markets; here, it is found to be analytically convenient to decompose the path of Turkish liberalization after 1980 into two major subperiods partitioned by the strategic step of capital account deregulation-which took place in 1989 and was completed by the full integration of the domestic market into global financial markets. This section also studies the patterns of the wage cycle and productivity growth using quantitative filtering techniques, and reports on the disassociation of labour remunerations from the productivity gains in the real sphere of the economy. © United Nations University/World Institute for Development Economics Research (UNU/WIDER) 2004. All rights reserved.Item Open Access A signal transduction score flow algorithm for cyclic cellular pathway analysis, which combines transcriptome and ChIP-seq data(Royal Society of Chemistry, 2012) Isik, Z.; Ersahin, T.; Atalay, V.; Aykanat, Cevdet; Cetin Atalay, R.Determination of cell signalling behaviour is crucial for understanding the physiological response to a specific stimulus or drug treatment. Current approaches for large-scale data analysis do not effectively incorporate critical topological information provided by the signalling network. We herein describe a novel model- and data-driven hybrid approach, or signal transduction score flow algorithm, which allows quantitative visualization of cyclic cell signalling pathways that lead to ultimate cell responses such as survival, migration or death. This score flow algorithm translates signalling pathways as a directed graph and maps experimental data, including negative and positive feedbacks, onto gene nodes as scores, which then computationally traverse the signalling pathway until a pre-defined biological target response is attained. Initially, experimental data-driven enrichment scores of the genes were computed in a pathway, then a heuristic approach was applied using the gene score partition as a solution for protein node stoichiometry during dynamic scoring of the pathway of interest. Incorporation of a score partition during the signal flow and cyclic feedback loops in the signalling pathway significantly improves the usefulness of this model, as compared to other approaches. Evaluation of the score flow algorithm using both transcriptome and ChIP-seq data-generated signalling pathways showed good correlation with expected cellular behaviour on both KEGG and manually generated pathways. Implementation of the algorithm as a Cytoscape plug-in allows interactive visualization and analysis of KEGG pathways as well as user-generated and curated Cytoscape pathways. Moreover, the algorithm accurately predicts gene-level and global impacts of single or multiple in silico gene knockouts. This journal is © The Royal Society of Chemistry 2012.