Browsing by Subject "Daily life"
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Item Open Access Cities, ancient, and daily life(Academic Press, 2008) Gates, Charles; Pearsall, D. M.By the fourth millennium BC, developed cities had appeared in the Near East, the earliest cities in the world. This article focuses on daily life in selected cities in this and neighboring regions, with one New World example for comparison. Evidence for daily life in ancient cities comes from two sources: archaeology and, for historical periods, ancient texts. Archaeological evidence is variously preserved, depending on climatic, geological, and cultural conditions. Moreover, archaeologists weigh the evidence differently, depending on the questions they seek to answer. Daily life itself comprises many elements, but a basic distinction can be drawn between private and public. Private life centers around the house, its appearance and furnishings, its occupants (males and females of different ages), and household functions. Public life concerns such aspects as social relationships outside the family, political organization, the maintenance of order, economic matters, and religious practices. Such activities take place in a physical setting, both natural and built; understanding daily life in ancient cities includes analysis of what these elements looked like, individually and in relation with others. To explore these themes, five case studies are presented. The first Old World example is Pompeii, a Roman city destroyed in AD 79 by the eruption of the volcano, Vesuvius. Well preserved under the volcanic pumice and ash, Pompeii has yielded an immense amount of information about daily life. The second example is the Agora, or city center of Athens. Here, archaeological excavations combined with textual sources have illuminated the political, commercial, and religious concerns of this ancient Greek city. The third example is Amarna, or Akhetaten, the short-lived capital city of the Egyptian pharaoh Akhenaten (ruled c. 1353-1337 BC). The final Old World case is Ur, a Sumerian city, and a good example of a Near Eastern 'tell,' an artificial mound consisting of accumulated remains of centuries of occupation. The article concludes with a contrasting New World example: Teotihuacan, the large city in the Valley of Mexico that flourished c. AD 150-600.Item Open Access The quest for new muslim politics: Turkey since the 1990s(2016-10) Usluer, Ayşe SözenThis dissertation studies how modern Muslim individuals have changed the trajectory of political Islam in Turkey since the 1990s. This multi-case study, through a sample of students, entrepreneurs, and women, aims at exploring the daily agenda of Muslims and their unintentional role in shaping politics and society. The study examines critically that the literature on Islamist resurgence, and its transformation, is dominated by an emphasis on the struggle between seculars and Islamists. This study firstly problematizes how one assesses the many changes taking place in the Islamist trajectory, in the framework of secular/Islamic division, and then it disregards the tensions taking place within Islamic circles. Through focusing on inner circle debates, the study seeks to discover what is really changing in political Islam and what continues to be the same. The findings are twofold. First, we establish that the daily life practices of modern Muslims yield new understandings on the state, society, Islamic economy and the gender relations. Moreover, differentiating deeply from orthodox Islamist approach, these new configurations of concepts and contexts in Islamic circles result in the undermining of Islamist ‘authority’. Second, despite the new readings and interpretations of Islam, Islam still plays an important role in the (daily) life of Muslims—embedded in the capillaries of Muslim societies, it has capacity to influence politics and society, while new designs in the public sphere, in accordance with the practice of Muslims’ private lives, prevent not only the full secularization and liberalization of Muslim politics, but also cause the rise of conservatism in Muslim societies.Item Open Access Trait reappraisal predicts affective reactivity to daily positive and negative events(Frontiers Research Foundation, 2016) Gunaydin, G.; Selcuk, E.; Ong, A. D.Past research on emotion regulation has provided evidence that cognitive reappraisal predicts reactivity to affective stimuli and challenge tests in laboratory settings. However, little is known about how trait reappraisal might contribute to affective reactivity to everyday positive and negative events. Using a large, life-span sample of adults (N = 1755), the present study addressed this important gap in the literature. Respondents completed a measure of trait reappraisal and reported on their daily experiences of positive and negative events and positive and negative affect for eight consecutive days. Results showed that trait reappraisal predicted lower increases in negative affect in response to daily negative events and lower increases in positive affect in response to daily positive events. These findings advance our understanding of the role of reappraisal in emotion regulation by showing how individual differences in the use of this strategy relate to emotional reactions to both positive and negative events outside the laboratory.