Browsing by Subject "Cytosine"
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Item Open Access Annotated features of domestic cat-Felis catus genome(BioMed Central Ltd., 2014) Tamaziani G.; Simonov, S.; Dobrynin, P.; Makunin, A.; Logachev, A.; Komissarov, A.; Shevchenko, A.; Brukhin, V.; Cherkasov, N.; Svitin, A.; Koepfli, Klaus-Peter; Pontius, J.; Driscoll, C. A.; Blackistone, K.; Barr, C.; Goldman, D.; Antunes, A.; Quilez, J.; Lorente-Galdos, B.; Alkan C.; Marques Bonet, T.; Menotti-Raymond, M.; David, V. A.; Narfström, K.; O'Brien, S. J.Background: Domestic cats enjoy an extensive veterinary medical surveillance which has described nearly 250 genetic diseases analogous to human disorders. Feline infectious agents offer powerful natural models of deadly human diseases, which include feline immunodeficiency virus, feline sarcoma virus and feline leukemia virus. A rich veterinary literature of feline disease pathogenesis and the demonstration of a highly conserved ancestral mammal genome organization make the cat genome annotation a highly informative resource that facilitates multifaceted research endeavors.Findings: Here we report a preliminary annotation of the whole genome sequence of Cinnamon, a domestic cat living in Columbia (MO, USA), bisulfite sequencing of Boris, a male cat from St. Petersburg (Russia), and light 30× sequencing of Sylvester, a European wildcat progenitor of cat domestication. The annotation includes 21,865 protein-coding genes identified by a comparative approach, 217 loci of endogenous retrovirus-like elements, repetitive elements which comprise about 55.7% of the whole genome, 99,494 new SNVs, 8,355 new indels, 743,326 evolutionary constrained elements, and 3,182 microRNA homologues. The methylation sites study shows that 10.5% of cat genome cytosines are methylated. An assisted assembly of a European wildcat, Felis silvestris silvestris, was performed; variants between F. silvestris and F. catus genomes were derived and compared to F. catus.Conclusions: The presented genome annotation extends beyond earlier ones by closing gaps of sequence that were unavoidable with previous low-coverage shotgun genome sequencing. The assembly and its annotation offer an important resource for connecting the rich veterinary and natural history of cats to genome discovery. © 2014 Tamazian et al.; licensee BioMed Central Ltd.Item Open Access DNA methylation in eukaryotes(TÜBİTAK, 1997) Pınarbaşı, ErgünIn prokaryotes, DNA methylation protects the bacteriaÕs DNA against degradation by restriction enzymes and corrects error in DNA replication by means of the mismatch repair system. In 1964, the first DNA methyltransferase was identified in E. coli. The avaiability of sequence-specific restriction enzymes and methyltransferases led to a major breakthrough in the field of molecular biology. In eukoryotes, DNA methylation appears to have a different role. It has been implicated in the control of several cellular processes, including differentiation, gene regulation and embryonic development. A series of discoveries over the past few years has generated new interest in DNA methylation. It has been found that in mice in particular DNA methyltransferase is essential for normal embryonic development. Cytosine methylation may also contribute to C-T transition mutations, accounting for about one-third of all somatic and germline mutations in humans.