Browsing by Subject "Crowding"
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Item Open Access Correlates of dormitory satisfaction and diferences involving social density and room locations(Springer Dordrecht, 2023-05-20) Beder, Dilara; İmamoğlu, ÇağrıThe basic variables associated with the dormitory satisfaction of 140 undergraduate university students were examined using a questionnaire. Secondly, the roles of (a) gender diferences and (b) distance of the rooms to communal areas, (c) room density (i.e., identical rooms housing three vs. four students), and (d) dormitory layout (i.e., clustered vs. long corridor design) on crowding and privacy were explored. The aims of the present studies were twofold: The frst aim was to explore variables associated with students’ satisfaction with their university dormitories. The second aim was to examine diferences in dormitory satisfaction as a function of density, room location with respect to hallway design, and distance to communal areas. The results indicated that the level of dormitory satisfaction seems to increase with decreasing room density, having a clustered hallway design as opposed to a long corridor design, and being further away from as opposed to closer to communal areas. In other words, higher density and proximity of rooms to communal areas seem to increase crowding and reduce privacy. Although female students reported being less satisfed with their dormitories, they seemed to be more satisfed with their social relationships compared to men. The study examines the role of multiple factors involving the relationship of room density, dormitory design, distance of rooms to communal areas with reported privacy, crowding, and dormitory satisfaction using both correlational data and feld experiments. The results may contribute to improving dormitory designs and enhance our understanding of issues related to privacy and dormitory satisfaction.Item Open Access The effects of short-term crowding on personal space: a case study on an automatic teller machine(Bilkent University, 1997) Kaya, NazThe aim of this study is to put forth the effects of shortterm crowding on personal space. The analysis is planned to be carried out by means of a research on Automatic Teller Machine (ATM) users in Ankara. Initially, the conceptions and definitions of personal space and crowding are defined. The influences of crowding on personal space are discussed under the headings of personal space intrusion, withdrawal behaviors, and privacy reduction. The activity, withdrawing money from an ATM requires certain privacy needs which may vary with personal characteristics of the individuals. Among these, sex differences are considered as an important factor. In order to search for the effects of high density on interpersonal distance, two levels of density, low and high, are considered. The survey is carried out through observation and short interviews with the users in both density conditions. Finally, the clues about mismatches between space characteristics and user expectations are obtained through this study. Based on the findings of this survey as well as the literature review, appropriate design solutions for an indoor ATM hall are developed.Item Open Access How the ocean personality model affects the perception of crowds(Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, 2011) Durupınar, F.; Pelechano, N.; Allbeck, J. M.; Güdükbay, Uğur; Badler, N. I.A personality model named High-Density Autonomous Crowds (HiDAC) simulation system provides individual differences by assigning each person different psychological and physiological traits. Users normally set these parameters to model a crowd's nonuniformity and diversity. The approach creates plausible variations in the crowd and enables novice users to dictate these variations by combining a standard personality model with a high-density crowd simulation. HiDAC addresses the simulation of local behaviors and the global wayfinding of crowds in a dynamically changing environment. It directs autonomous agents' behavior by combining geometric and psychological rules. HiDAC handles collisions through avoidance and response forces. Over long distances, the system applies collision avoidance so that agents can steer around obstacles. HiDAC assigns people specific behaviors. The number of actions they complete depends on their curiosity.Item Open Access Relationships between density, crowding, privacy and dormitory satisfaction : the case of Bilkent University dormitories(Bilkent University, 2016-07) Kıvanç, DilaraMany students move to different cities for their university education. This brings formidable experiences to those who are separated from their family. Living in a dormitory teaches them to live, interact and coordinate with other students in common spaces. This study focuses on the relationship of satisfaction with crowding and privacy. A questionnaire that inquired about the satisfaction of students with respect to their dormitories was conducted with 200 undergraduate students who lived in Bilkent University Dormitories. Factor analysis, correlation, ttests, chi-square tests, and anova were used to test the hypotheses. In line with the literature, the results suggest that general satisfaction level, dormitory satisfaction level, dormitory room satisfaction level and satisfaction of school level show positive and strong correlations with each other. Men seem to have a higher general satisfaction level but less privacy compared to women in smilar conditions. Individuals who live with more people per meter square in a dormitory room feel more crowding than the others. Amongst different genders that lived in the same room, women perceived and qualified their room as smaller compared to men’s perception. Lastly, individuals who qualify their dormitory room as small seemed to feel more crowding compared to others.Item Open Access Why vision is not both hierarchical and feedforward(Frontiers, 2014) Herzog, M.; Clarke, AaronIn classical models of object recognition, first, basic features (e.g., edges and lines) are analyzed by independent filters that mimic the receptive field profiles of V1 neurons. In a feedforward fashion, the outputs of these filters are fed to filters at the next processing stage, pooling information across several filters from the previous level, and so forth at subsequent processing stages. Low-level processing determines high-level processing. Information lost on lower stages is irretrievably lost. Models of this type have proven to be very successful in many fields of vision, but have failed to explain object recognition in general. Here, we present experiments that, first, show that, similar to demonstrations from the Gestaltists, figural aspects determine low-level processing (as much as the other way around). Second, performance on a single element depends on all the other elements in the visual scene. Small changes in the overall configuration can lead to large changes in performance. Third, grouping of elements is key. Only if we know how elements group across the entire visual field, we can determine performance on individual elements, i.e., challenging the classical stereotypical filtering approach, which is at the very heart of most vision models.