Browsing by Subject "Cross-cultural differences"

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    Contextualism as an important facet of individualism-collectivism: personhood beliefs across 37 national groups
    (Sage Publications, Inc., 2013) Owe, E.; Vignoles, V. L.; Becker, M.; Brown, R.; Smith, P .B.; Lee, S. W. S.; Easterbrook, M.; Gadre, T.; Zhang X.; Gheorghiu, M.; Baguma, P.; Tatarko, A.; Aldhafri, S.; Zinkeng, M.; Schwartz, S. J.; Des Rosiers, S. E.; Villamar, J. A.; Mekonnen, K. H.; Regalia, C.; Manzi, C.; Brambilla, M.; Kusdil, E.; Çağlar, S.; Gavreliuc, A.; Martin, M.; Jianxin, Z.; Lv, S.; Fischer, R.; Milfont, T. L.; Torres, A.; Camino, L.; Kreuzbauer, R.; Gausel, N.; Buitendach, J. H.; Lemos, F. C. S.; Fritsche, I.; Möller, B.; Harb, C.; Valk, A.; Espinosa, A.; Jaafar, J. L.; Yuki, M.; Ferreira, M. C.; Chobthamkit, P.; Fülöp, M.; Chybicka, A.; Wang, Q.; Bond, M. H.; González, R.; Didier, N.; Carrasco, D.; Cadena, M. P.; Lay, S.; Gardarsdóttir, R. B.; Nizharadze, G.; Pyszczynski, T.; Kesebir, P.; Herman, G.; Sauvage, Isabelle de; Courtois, M.; Bourguignon, D.; Özgen, E.; Güner Ü. E.; Yamakoğlu, N.; Abuhamdeh, S.; Mogaji, A.; Macapagal, M. E. J.; Koller, S. H.; Amponsah, B.; Misra, G.; Kapur, P.; Trujillo, E. V.; Balanta, P.; Ayala, B. C.; Gallo, I. S.; Gil, P. P.; Clemares, R. L.; Campara, G.; Jalal, B.
    Beliefs about personhood are understood to be a defining feature of individualism-collectivism (I-C), but they have been insufficiently explored, given the emphasis of research on values and self-construals. We propose the construct of contextualism, referring to beliefs about the importance of context in understanding people, as a facet of cultural collectivism. A brief measure was developed and refined across 19 nations (Study 1: N = 5,241), showing good psychometric properties for cross-cultural use and correlating well at the nation level with other supposed facets and indicators of I-C. In Study 2 (N = 8,652), nation-level contextualism predicted ingroup favoritism, corruption, and differential trust of ingroup and outgroup members, while controlling for other facets of I-C, across 35 nations. We conclude that contextualism is an important part of cultural collectivism. This highlights the importance of beliefs alongside values and self-representations and contributes to a wider understanding of cultural processes. © The Author(s) 2013.
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    ItemOpen Access
    Cross cultural differences in materialism
    (Elsevier, 1996) Ger, G.; Belk, R. W.
    Materialism was explored in twelve countries using qualitative data, measures of consumer desires, measures of perceived necessities, and adapted versions of the Belk (1985) materialism scales with student samples. The use of student samples and provisionary evidence for cross-cultural reliability and validity for the scales, make the quantitative results tentative, but they produced some interesting patterns that were also supported by the qualitative data. Romanians were found to be the most materialistic, followed by the U.S.A., New Zealand, Ukraine, Germany, and Turkey. These results suggest that materialism is neither unique to the West nor directly related to affluence, contrary to what has been assumed in prior treatments of the development of consumer culture.