Browsing by Subject "Crete"
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Item Restricted Girit Adası'ndan yaşanan göçün Osmaniye Mahallesi üzerindeki etkileri(Bilkent University, 2020) Karaca, Alperen; Başaran, Orhan; Akman, Seren; Artukmaç, Zeynep Su; Polat, Begüm ElaGirit Adası'nda homojen bir halk bulunmaması, "Büyük Devletler'in" izlemiş olduğu politikalar ve Yunanistan'ın "Megali İdea" nasyonalist düşüncesi tarafından körüklenen bu isyanlar Girit'in tarihinde önemli rol oynadı. 1897 yılında özerkleşen ve 1908 yılında Yunanistan'a bağlanan Girit Adası'nda çıkan bu isyanlar sonucu oluşan sorunlar adadaki Müslüman Türk halkın göç etmesine sebep oldu. Osmaniye Mahallesi, Girit Adası'ndan gelen göçmenler için 1901 yılında Sultan II. Abdülhamit'in emriyle kuruldu. Bu çalışmada, Girit Türklerinin göç döneminde ve sonrasında yaşadığı süreç, Osmaniye Mahallesi üzerinden, Başaran ailesinin anılarından yararlanılarak anlatılmıştır.Item Restricted Girit'ten Ayvalık'a yapılan mübadelenin Ergin Ailesi üzerinden incelenmesi(Bilkent University, 2020) Sarıkartal, Çiğdem; Ertan, Ilgın; Darılmaz, Özdecan; Kablan, Hüseyin Berkay; Berberoğlu, Enver BerkGirit adası; farklı kültürel, sosyal ve politik yapıları tarih boyunca bir arada bulundurmuştur. 19. Yüzyılda Girit adasında süregelen barış ortamı, milliyetçilik akımı ve toplumların bağımsızlık arzusuyla zedelenmeye başlamıştır. Daha sonra Türk egemenliğinden ayrılan adadaki Türk halkının mübadil olarak Türkiye'ye getirilme kararı Lozan Antlaşması sonrası resmiyete kavuşmuştur. Mübadele öncesinde, sırasında ve sonrasında mübadiller, çeşitli sorunlarla yüz yüze kalmışlardır. Mübadele şartlarını görmüş ve etkilerine maruz kalmış mübadil ailelerden biri de Ergin ailesidir. Çalışmamızda, Ergin ailesinin yaşadıkları üzerinden; mübadelenin sebepleri, mübadele sırasında yaşanan sorunlar ve mübadelenin etkilerine yer verilmiştir.Item Restricted Güneş ve Çoban aileleri perspektifinde Girit mübadelesi ve Side mahallesi incelemesi(Bilkent University, 2023) Kılıç, Emirhan; Yiğit, Emir Taha; Karacalı, Yusuf; Tavus, Muhammet Ümit; Altun, Egemen19. yüzyıl itibariyle toprak kayıplarnın yaşandığı Osmanlı Devleti’ndeki siyasi ve sosyo-politik değişim beraberinde Girit’e göç hareketlerini getirmiştir. 1897 Türk-Yunan Savaşı’yla başlayan, 1923 Lozan Görüşmelerinde karara bağlanan mübadeleye kadarki süreçte çoğu Türk, Girit Adası’nı terk etmiş, Side gibi yerleşim yerlerinin kuruluşuna öncüsü Anadoluya göç süreci başlamıştır. Çalışmada, göçlerin temelindeki Girit’teki sosyal atmosfer, 1923 mübadelesi ve önceki göçler, Giritli göçmenlerin yerleştirildikleri yerlerde yaşadıkları sosyal deneyim ve bu deneyimlerin Side özelinde ne şekilde tezahür ettiği üzerinde durulmaktadır.Item Open Access The implementation of Ottoman religious policies in Crete 1645-1735 : men of faith as actors in the kadı court(Bilkent University, 2005) Bayraktar, ElifThe arrival of the Ottomans in the first half of the seventeenth century was marked by a twofold religious policy on the island: The reestablishment of the Orthodox hierarchy and the establishment of Islam. The reestablishment of the Orthodox hierarchy was in contrast with the religious policy of the previous Catholic Venetian rule. The relationship of the Ottomans with the Patriarchate in Istanbul, as affected by the Protestant and Catholic missionaries from Europe, was a determinant in what was happening in Crete at this period. The establishment of Islam on the other hand was mainly a result of conversions. The Ottomans endorsed the mystical religious orders on the island in this period. After an examination of these processes, this thesis investigates the involvement of the Christian and Muslim men of faith into the new system.Item Open Access Marriage and divorce of Christians and new Muslims in early modern Ottoman empire: crete 1645-1670(Brill Academic Publishers, 2013) Kermeli, E.This paper focuses on many interesting remarks with regard to the application of Ottoman law in Crete in the second half of the XVII century. At that time, the general principles of anafi¯ law on marriage and divorce were followed and the Ottoman modifications stressing the judicial and sultanic authority were observed. The registration of marriage contracts is considered an important if not necessary requirement. The aim was to alleviate complications in case of divorce or death of one of the spouses. The petition to the judge to reissue a marriage contract was a practical necessity, an example of which is the order of the judge to produce the marriage contract, as proof. This does not mean though that practice was similar everywhere in the empire. Societies like the Cretan one with a long tradition of written documentation, inherited by the Venetians, was more apt to adopt Ottoman innovations on registration than towns in Anatolia. Christians and new Muslims in Crete seem to have adapted rather rapidly to the introduction of the new judicial system. They can defend themselves successfully in court and they are aware of procedure. It is remarkable to see a Christian woman achieving the rehearing of her case through a sultanic order few years after the conquest. I cannot however but wonder about the type of legal advice and aid she had received local customs like the traditional dowry given by the wife to the husband, is thus disguised, as gift to adhere to new legal concepts. Social problems like poverty, forced conversion or second marriages, illustrate the problems the judge was faced with. Thus the ottoman judge uncertain as to whether the rapidly changing Cretan society, with the numerous converts and non-Muslims is capable of understanding fine points of Islamic law, operates as an educator reminding the litigants of their obligations. © 2013 © Koninklijke Brill NV, Leiden, The Netherlands.Item Open Access The origins of the 1897 Ottoman-Greek War: A diplomatic history(Bilkent University, 2005) Ekinci, Mehmet UğurThis thesis, pertaining to the underlying factors and developments of the Ottoman-Greek War of 1897, focuses primarily on the political and diplomatic proceedings that took place between the Greek occupation of Crete on 13 February and the declaration of war by the Ottoman Empire on 17 April. This war broke out, against the will of the Ottoman Empire and the Great Powers, as an outgrowth of the irredentist policies of Greece. The Ottoman Empire expected that the Great Powers would prevent war, but since the Powers could not take a unanimous decision for undertaking coercive measures on Greece, they left the two states alone. The Ottomans were willing to preserve peace, yet they finally declared war on Greece after the bands of Greek irregulars crossed the border. This monograph, based on a multi-sided bibliography including Ottoman and British official documents, intends to shed some light on the international politics of the time.