Browsing by Subject "Contracts"

Now showing 1 - 6 of 6

Open Access
Buyback and target rebate contracts when the manufacturer operates under carbon cap and trade mechanism = Karbon ticareti mekanizması altında çalışan bir üretici ile geri alma ve hedef satış indirimi kontratların analizi
(2014) Ebadi, Malek
In this study, the coordination of a manufacturer and a retailer in a supply chain is considered, in a single period environment where the manufacturer has carbon emission restriction with trade option. The customer demand over a period is assumed to be a random variable with an arbitrary distribution. Two types of contracts, namely the buyback and the target rebate contracts are considered. For each type, the contract parameters which achieve channel coordination have been studied. The models show that for both contract types, under specific parameter settings coordination is achievable. In particular, we show that under a buyback contract with a carbon trader manufacturer, coordination can be achieved, even if no returns are allowed, contrary to the findings of Pasternack, who first studied a buyback contract in a setting where carbon emissions are not taken into consideration. The results are illustrated by numerical examples.
Open Access
Competitiveness of Turkish construction firms in international markets and a case study: GAMA Industrial Plants Manufacturing and Erection Corp
(1995) Sarıbaş, Aşkın
The main purpose of this thesis is to find out and analyze the competitiveness and problems of Turkish construction firms in international markets. In doing that, the environment surrounding, some insights like globalization, new world order and trends in international contracting were also stressed and emphasized. Furthermore, an industry analysis by using Porter’s framework (Porter 1980) was also carried out. As being a case study, GAMA-Industrial Plants Manufacturing and Erection Corp. which is operating in both domestic and global construction markets and ranked as 94th biggest contractor in the world in 1994, was also introduced by making its competitiveness analysis and strategical planning with implementation proposals.
Open Access
Contractual agreements for coordination and vendor-managed delivery under explicit transportation considerations
(John Wiley & Sons, 2006) Toptal, A.; Çetinkaya, S.
We consider the coordination problem between a vendor and a buyer operating under generalized replenishment costs that include fixed costs as well as stepwise freight costs. We study the stochastic demand, single-period setting where the buyer must decide on the order quantity to satisfy random demand for a single item with a short product life cycle. The full order for the cycle is placed before the cycle begins and no additional orders are accepted by the vendor. Due to the nonrecurring nature of the problem, the vendor's replenishment quantity is determined by the buyer's order quantity. Consequently, by using an appropriate pricing schedule to influence the buyer's ordering behavior, there is an opportunity for the vendor to achieve substantial savings from transportation expenses, which are represented in the generalized replenishment cost function. For the problem of interest, we prove that the vendor's expected profit is not increasing in buyer's order quantity. Therefore, unlike the earlier work in the area, it is not necessarily profitable for the vendor to encourage larger order quantities. Using this nontraditional result, we demonstrate that the concept of economies of scale may or may not work by identifying the cases where the vendor can increase his/her profits either by increasing or decreasing the buyer's order quantity. We prove useful properties of the expected profit functions in the centralized and decentralized models of the problem, and we utilize these properties to develop alternative incentive schemes for win-win solutions. Our analysis allows us to quantify the value of coordination and, hence, to identify additional opportunities for the vendor to improve his/her profits by potentially turning a nonprofitable transaction into a profitable one through the use of an appropriate tariff schedule or a vendor-managed delivery contract. We demonstrate that financial gain associated with these opportunities is truly tangible under a vendor-managed delivery arrangement that potentially improves the centralized solution. Although we take the viewpoint of supply chain coordination and our goal is to provide insights about the effect of transportation considerations on the channel coordination objective and contractual agreements, the paper also contributes to the literature by analyzing and developing efficient approaches for solving the centralized problem with stepwise freight costs in the single-period setting.
Open Access
NFTs and copyright: challenges and opportunities
(Oxford University Press, 2021-06-21) Çağlayan Aksoy, Pınar; Özkan Üner, Zehra
Blockchain technology and its applications, such as smart contracts and cryptocurrencies, are in the headlines each day with new uses or products for various sectors. Since March 2021, non-fungible tokens (NFTs) have gained popularity and the sales volume of NFTs has grown tremendously. Time will show if this is a financial bubble that is meant to burst, but it sure has some legal implications. NFTs, being tokens functioning on the blockchain, raise some questions with regard to securities law, property law and contract law. The most highly debated questions are in the area of copyright law. In this article, the problems arising from the creation and sales of NFTs are tackled in light of copyright law, mostly with a focus on the legal qualification of minting and selling, ownership and the consequences of purchasing an NFT. The qualification of minting and selling is uncertain due to the fact that underlying work itself is not stored in the NFT. It will be hard to prevent the creation of unauthorized NFTs if it is concluded that the process of minting and selling is not included within the exclusive rights of copyright. Furthermore, the smart contracts enable creators of an NFT to receive payment for resale of the NFTs without meeting the conditions of a resale right regulated under copyright laws. Although this is not a resale right literally, digital artists reach the same outcome as the use of resale right via NFTs.
Open Access
Sourcing decisions with capacity reservation contracts
(Elsevier, 2001) Serel, D. A.; Dada, M.; Moskowitz, H.
By committing to long-term supply contracts, buyers seek to lower their purchasing costs, and have products delivered without interruption. When a long-term contract is available, suppliers are less pressured to find new customers, and can afford to charge a price lower than the prevailing spot market price. We examine sourcing decisions of a firm in the presence of a capacity reservation contract that this firm makes with its long-term supplier in addition to the spot market alternative. This contract entails delivery of any desired portion of a reserved fixed capacity in exchange for a guaranteed payment by the buyer. We investigate rational actions of the two parties under two different types of periodic review inventory control policies used by the buyer: the two-number policy, and the base stock policy. When typical demand probability distributions are considered, inclusion of the spot market source in the buyer's procurement plan significantly reduces the capacity commitments from the long-term supplier.
Open Access
Turkish construction industry in the context of development: a technological perspective
(1996) İmre, Tijen
The main purpose of this thesis is to analyze the current position of Turkey in the construction industry together with the recent developments in construction technologies. Throughout the thesis, the industry analysis is done at the begining to emphasize the significance of construction as a vital national economic activity and its dynamic role in the process of economic growth and development. This is followed by the analysis of Turkish construction industry considering the recent developments in construction technologies. Finally, several recommendations are proposed within the strategic planning which are very important for the future growth of the Turkish construction industry.