Browsing by Subject "Computerized tomography"

Now showing 1 - 6 of 6

Open Access
Bilgisayarlı iyonosfer tomografisinde açılım işlevlerinin ve yeniden yapılandırma algoritmalarının model üzerinden karşılaştırılması
(IEEE, 2005-05) Yavuz, E.; Arıkan, F.; Arıkan, Orhan; Erol, C. B.
Bilgisayarlı İyonosfer Tomografisi (BİT), iyonosfer elektron yoğunluğunun iki boyutlu veya üç boyutlu olarak görüntülenmesi için kullanılan bir yöntemdir. Bu yöntem özellikle iyonosfer fiziği veya uydu haberleşmesi gibi alanlar için iyonosferin incelenmesine olanak sağlamaktadır. Bu yöntemde Küresel Yer Belirleme (KYB) uyduları ve bu uydulardan gelen ışınları toplamak üzere yeryüzüne belirli bir geometride yerleştirilen alıcılar kullanılır. Alıcılar KYB uydularından aldıkları sinyaller ile iyonosfere ait olan Toplam Elektron İçeriği (TEİ) verisinin hesaplanmasına olanak sağlar. TEİ verileri ve tomografik yeniden yapılandırma algoritmaları kullanılarak, iyonosfer elektron yoğunluğu görüntülerinin elde edilmesi sağlanır. Gerçekleştirilen bu çalışmada tek bir GPS uydusu ve bu uyduyu izlemek üzere yeryüzünde belirli bir enlem noktasına yerleştirilmiş bir alıcı senaryosu canlandırıldı. Alıcıda oluşan hatalar ve model hataları bu çalışmada ihmal edildi. Bu senaryo içerisinde değişik açılım işlevleri ve yeniden yapılandırma algoritmaları kullanılarak, iyonosfer elektron yoğunluğunun iki boyutlu olarak elde edilmesi gerçekleştirildi. Sonuçların başarım analizleri ileri model olarak kullanılan IRI-95 ile karşılaştırılarak verildi.
Open Access
Computational thermal homogenization of concrete
(2013) Wu, T.; Temizer, I.; Wriggers, P.
Computational thermal homogenization is applied to the microscale and mesoscale of concrete sequentially. Microscale homogenization is based on a 3D micro-CT scan of hardened cement paste (HCP). Mesoscale homogenization is carried out through the analysis of aggregates which are randomly distributed in a homogenized matrix. The thermal conductivity of this matrix is delivered by the homogenization of HCP, thereby establishing the link between micro-mesoscale of concrete. This link is critical to capture the dependence of the overall conductivity of concrete on the internal relative humidity. Therefore, special emphasis is given to the effect of relative humidity changes in micropores on the thermal conductivity of HCP and concrete. Each step of homogenization is compared with available experimental data. © 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Open Access
A glycosaminoglycan mimetic peptide nanofiber gel as an osteoinductive scaffold
(Royal Society of Chemistry, 2016) Tansik, G.; Kilic, E.; Beter, M.; Demiralp, B.; K.Sendur, G.; Can, N.; Ozkan, H.; Ergul, E.; Güler, Mustafa O.; Tekinay, A. B.
Biomineralization of the extracellular matrix (ECM) plays a crucial role in bone formation. Functional and structural biomimetic native bone ECM components can therefore be used to change the fate of stem cells and induce bone regeneration and mineralization. Glycosaminoglycan (GAG) mimetic peptide nanofibers can interact with several growth factors. These nanostructures are capable of enhancing the osteogenic activity and mineral deposition of osteoblastic cells, which is indicative of their potential application in bone tissue regeneration. In this study, we investigated the potential of GAG-mimetic peptide nanofibers to promote the osteogenic differentiation of rat mesenchymal stem cells (rMSCs) in vitro and enhance the bone regeneration and biomineralization process in vivo in a rabbit tibial bone defect model. Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity and Alizarin red staining results suggested that osteogenic differentiation is enhanced when rMSCs are cultured on GAG-mimetic peptide nanofibers. Moreover, osteogenic marker genes were shown to be upregulated in the presence of the peptide nanofiber system. Histological and micro-computed tomography (Micro-CT) observations of regenerated bone defects in rabbit tibia bone also suggested that the injection of a GAG-mimetic nanofiber gel supports cortical bone deposition by enhancing the secretion of an inorganic mineral matrix. The volume of the repaired cortical bone was higher in GAG-PA gel injected animals. The overall results indicate that GAG-mimetic peptide nanofibers can be utilized effectively as a new bioactive platform for bone regeneration. © 2016 The Royal Society of Chemistry.
Open Access
A hybrid reconstruction algorithm for computerized ionospheric tomography
(IEEE, 2005) Yavuz, E.; Arıkan F.; Arıkan, Orhan
Computerized Ionospheric Tomography (CIT) is a method to reconstruct ionospheric electron density images by using the Global Positioning System data collected by the earth based receivers. In this study, Total Electron Content values obtained from a model based ionosphere and tomographic reconstruction techniques are used together to obtain ionospheric electron density distribution. Algebraic Reconstruction Technique (ART) is one of the most commonly used reconstruction method in medical tomography due to its simplicity in implementation. The performance of ART is independent of basis functions and very sensitive to the initial state. Total Least Squares (TLS) algorithm assumes no regularization and produces the lowest error for Haar basis for a given Latitude interval. The performance of TLS is improved with the number of receivers. If only one receiver is used, TLS algorithm together with Haar basis functions produces a low computational complexity and has a lower reconstruction error compared to Regularized Least Squares Algorithm, When the estimation by TLS is input as the initial state of ART, the overall reconstruction error reduces significantly compared to the reconstruction error of ART only or TLS with Haar basis only.
Open Access
A multiscale method to analyze the deterioration due to alkali silica reaction considering the effects of temperature and relative humidity
(International Center for Numerical Methods in Engineering, 2013) Wu, T.; Temizer I.; Wriggers P.
This work presents a three-dimensional multiscale framework to investigate the deterioration resulting from alkali silica reaction (ASR) in the concrete. In this contribution, 3D micro-CT scan of hardened cement paste (HCP) and aggregates with a random distribution embedded in a homogenized cement paste matrix represent the microscale and mesoscale of the concrete respectively. A 3D hydro-chemo-thermo-mechanical model based on staggered method is developed at the mesoscale of the concrete, yet taking into account the deterioration at the microscale due to ASR.
Open Access
Semi-automatic segmentation of subcutaneous tumours from micro-computed tomography images
(Institute of Physics Publishing Ltd., 2013-10-30) Ali, R.; Gunduz Demir, C.; Szilagyi, T.; Durkee, B.; Graves, E. E.
This paper outlines the first attempt to segment the boundary of preclinical subcutaneous tumours, which are frequently used in cancer research, from micro-computed tomography (microCT) image data. MicroCT images provide low tissue contrast, and the tumour-to-muscle interface is hard to determine, however faint features exist which enable the boundary to be located. These are used as the basis of our semi-automatic segmentation algorithm. Local phase feature detection is used to highlight the faint boundary features, and a level set-based active contour is used to generate smooth contours that fit the sparse boundary features. The algorithm is validated against manually drawn contours and micro-positron emission tomography (microPET) images. When compared against manual expert segmentations, it was consistently able to segment at least 70% of the tumour region (n = 39) in both easy and difficult cases, and over a broad range of tumour volumes. When compared against tumour microPET data, it was able to capture over 80% of the functional microPET volume. Based on these results, we demonstrate the feasibility of subcutaneous tumour segmentation from microCT image data without the assistance of exogenous contrast agents. Our approach is a proof-of-concept that can be used as the foundation for further research, and to facilitate this, the code is open-source and available from www.setuvo.com. © 2013 Institute of Physics and Engineering in Medicine.