Browsing by Subject "Competition"

Now showing 1 - 20 of 27

Open Access
Arbitrability of competition disputes
(2018-04) Bolatoğlu, Hilmi
Today, arbitration is seen as a neutral and effective solution to disputes in the rapidly expanding international trade and is favored much more than national courts. The fact that the fast-growing world trade has brought competitive economies to forefront, causes the countries that want greater share from international trade attach greater value to the competition law. Since both the arbitration and the competition law are rapidly developing in the globalizing world, an inevitable common playground for international trade has emerged. This study focuses particularly on the arbitrability of competition disputes, in correlation of competition law and arbitration law. Starting with the non-arbitrability doctrine, the first section discusses the general legal framework for the concept of arbitrability. In the second section, arbitrability of competition disputes is analyzed in terms of comparative law. Third section focuses mainly on the Turkish Law. Legal provisions that regulate arbitrability in Turkish law are interpreted and relevant judicial decisions are examined chronologically. Fourth section deals with the procedural and substantial problems of determining arbitrability of competition disputes in arbitral and judicial proceedings. In this way, the theoretical and practical framework concerning the arbitrability of competition disputes in Turkey will be tried to be established in our work by utilising the comparative law.
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Aşıklar bayramı
(Bilkent University, 2020) Deliömeroğlu, Beyza; Tepe, Gülşah; Eren, Nil; Yetik, Derin; Fidanboy, Melihcan
Âşıklar Bayramı âşıkların bir araya gelerek yarıştıkları bir ortamdır. Bayram tadında kutlanan bu olay âşıklık geleneğine sıkı sıkıya bağlıdır. Türkiye Cumhuriyet'inin ilk Âşıklar Bayramı 1931 yılında Sivas'ta Sivas Halk Şairleri Bayramı adı altında Sivas'ta kutlandı. Yüzyıllar boyunca âşıklar devlet ve otorite tarafından görmezden gelinmişlerdir. Sivas'ta kutlanılan Âşıklar Bayramı ile ilk defa âşıklar devlet tarafından dikkate alındı. Âşıklar Bayram'ının diğer önemli getirisi bir rekabet ortamında âşıklık sanatının gelişmesine büyük katkılarda bulunmasıdır. Bu çalışmada, kültürümüzün önemli bir parçasını oluşturan âşıklar geleneğini ayakta tutmak için kutlanır hale gelmiş Âşıklar Bayramının 19. yüzyıldan 21. yüzyıla kadar olan yolculuğu incelenmiştir.
Open Access
Competitive rivalry without provoking retaliation: a case on Turkish medical imaging market
(1995) Kutluay, Kunter
Competition is the core concept in non-monopolistic markets for a firm’s survival. Competitive strategy is an area of primary concern to managers, depending critically on a subtle understanding of industries and competitors. Action and response characteristics of competitors have been an area of interest suggesting frameworks for further research. This study aims to implement the previous frameworks to the Turkish Medical Imaging Market, to verify the characteristics specific to this market. Basically it seeks to identify the attack behavior that elicits or averts retalitionary responses.
Open Access
Cournot competition in networked markets
(ACM, 2014) Bimpikis, K.; Ehsani, S.; İlkılıç, Rahmi
The paper considers a model of competition among firms that produce a homogeneous good in a networked environment. A bipartite graph determines which subset of markets a firm can supply to. Firms compete a la Cournot and decide how to allocate their production output to the markets they are directly connected to. We assume that markets have inverse linear demand and firms have quadratic production costs. First, we show that the resulting Cournot game has a unique equilibrium for any given network and provide a characterization of the production quantities at equilibrium. Our results identify a close connection between the equilibrium outcome and supply paths in the underlying network structure. In particular, we show that whether two firms see their output in different markets as strategic substitutes or complements depends critically on the paths between those markets in the line graph induced by the original bipartite network. Armed with a characterization of the equilibrium supply decisions, we explore the effect of changes in the network structure on firms' profits and consumer welfare. First, we study the question of a firm entering a new market. We show that entry may not be beneficial for either the firm or the consumers as such a move affects the entire vector of production quantities. The firm might face a more aggressive competition in its original markets due to its entry to a new market. Moreover, the effect on other firms and consumers also depends on their location in the network. This is in stark contrast with standard results in Cournot oligopoly where entry implies more competition in the market and thus higher consumer welfare. Similarly, the effect of a merger between two firms on profits and overall welfare largely depends on the structure of competition in the original Cournot market. In particular, we show that insights from analyzing mergers in a single market do not carry over in a networked environment. Market concentration indices are insufficient to correctly account for the network effect of a merger and one should not restrict attention to the set of markets that the firms participating in the merger supply to. Finally, we study the operations of a cartel including the entire set of firms. We show that the cartel maximizes its profits by appropriately segmenting the markets among its members so that a firm supplies solely to the ones allocated to it, and we provide an algorithm that computes the optimal production quantities for each firm in the cartel. © 2014 Authors.
Open Access
Don't throw in the towel, throw in trade credit!
(Elsevier B.V., 2018) Demir, Banu; Javorcik, B.
The literature has documented how firms adjust to increased competitive pressures arising from globalization. This paper demonstrates a new margin of adjustment, namely, provision of trade credit. A simple model predicts that an increase in competitive pressures will lead exporters to provide trade credit and lower prices and that the price adjustment will be attenuated by trade credit provision. These predictions are tested in the context of an exogenous shock, the end of the Multi-Fiber Arrangement (MFA), a quota system governing trade in textiles and clothing until the end-2004. The analysis focuses on Turkey which was not subject to quotas in the EU and thus faced an increase in competition after the quotas on China had been removed. The results suggest that in the post-MFA period Turkish exports of products with binding MFA quotas prior to the shock saw an increase in the provision of trade credit and a drop in prices relative to the other products. There is also evidence that provision of trade credit generated a dampening effect on the price response to the increase in competition.
Open Access
Effect of high intensity interval training on elite athletes' antioxidant status
(Elsevier Masson, 2013) Ugras, A. F.
Objective: The effects of high intensity interval exercises on antioxidant defense system are not clear. Since there is an evident lack of studies focused on oxidative stress experienced following combat sports and high intensity interval training, we investigated oxidative stress markers (malondialdehyde [MDA], catalase [CAT], glutathione peroxidase [GPX], superoxide dismutase [SOD]) by completing high intensity interval training program (HIITP) and following International Muay Thai Championship (IMTC). Methods: The study was carried out on 21 elite players (15 males and six females) who had regular exercising and training habits. The participants were subjected to a daily 3-hour HIITP during brief training camp (10-day) before IMTC. They were instructed to maintain their normal dietary practices throughout the camp and during the study to take no antioxidant containing vitamin tablets. Results: There was a significant increase in MDA levels and significant decrease in CAT activities of players (P<. 0.05). The differences in SOD and GPX activities were not significant. Conclusion: These results suggested that high intensity interval training and competition could affect the oxidative status of Muay Thai (MT) athletes. © 2012 Elsevier Masson SAS.
Open Access
The effects of private schools on public school achievement
(2006) Kollu, Sırma
This thesis analyzes the effects of private schooling on public school quality. The share of private schools in Turkish education system has been continuously increasing especially after the extension of compulsory primary education to uninterrupted eight years in 1997. While new regulations are being considered by the government regarding encouraging private schooling, the share of private schools will increase and the importance of the relationship between private and public education will also increase. In this study, the effects of private schools on public high school achievement, which is measured by Student Selection Examination (ÖSS), in 2003 in Turkey are estimated. Both the percentage of students attending private schools and alternative of it, the percentage of private schools, are treated as endogenous variables in the model. Private school achievement in previous year is used to identify a two-stage model. The empirical results showed that private schools have negative effect on public school achievement.
Open Access
Free parking for all in shopping malls
(Wiley-Blackwell Publishing, 2014) Hasker, K.; Inci, E.
We show why a mall provides parking for free and embed the parking costs in the prices of the goods. Essentially, charging a parking fee to risk-averse customers means penalizing them for not finding their desired good. This result holds whether the mall has monopoly power or prices competitively, if there is parking validation, and if there is a trade-off between shopping and parking spaces. It is also the attainable social optimum. The equilibrium lot size is too small, yielding a rationale for minimum parking requirements. However, parking fees may be positive and lots may be too large in urban malls.
Open Access
Hub location under competition
(Elsevier, 2016) Mahmutogullari, A. I.; Kara, B. Y.
Hubs are consolidation and dissemination points in many-to-many flow networks. Hub location problem is to locate hubs among available nodes and allocate non-hub nodes to these hubs. The mainstream hub location studies focus on optimal decisions of one decision-maker with respect to some objective(s) even though the markets that benefit hubbing are oligopolies. Therefore, in this paper, we propose a competitive hub location problem where the market is assumed to be a duopoly. Two decision-makers (or firms) sequentially decide locations of their hubs and then customers choose one firm with respect to provided service levels. Each decision-maker aims to maximize his/her own market share. We propose two problems for the leader (former decision-maker) and follower (latter decision-maker): (r|Xp)hub − medianoid and (r|p)hub − centroid problems, respectively. Both problems are proven to be NP-complete. Linear programming models are presented for these problems as well as exact solution algorithms for the (r|p)hub − centroid problem. The performance of models and algorithms are tested by computational analysis conducted on CAB and TR data sets.
Open Access
The impact of environmental regulations on exports: case study results from Cyprus, Jordan, Morocco, Syria, Tunisia and Turkey
(Elsevier, 2002) Zaim, K. K.; Larson, B. A.; Nicolaides, E.; Al Zu'bi, B.; Sukkar, N.l; Laraki, K.; Matoussi, M. S.; Chouchani, C.
Concern about the effects of environmental policies on trade competitiveness continues to grow in the non-EU Mediterranean regions (e.g., North Africa, the Middle East, Turkey, Cyprus). While the impact of environmental regulations on exports is widely discussed in the region, there has been little empirical analysis of how more stringent environmental regulations might affect exports of key sectors in the future. This paper summarizes the results of six case studies that estimate the impact of potential changes in environmental regulations on exports from a key sector in each country. These case studies, which are based on a theoretically consistent yet empirically tractable modeling approach, suggest that a range of outcomes is likely and depends on a fairly small set of specific information. For some of the cases, expected regulatory changes would probably have little impact on exports, while in other cases the impacts could be substantially larger. In some countries, the range of potential outcomes is largely due to the magnitude of the policy change, the importance of various inputs in production, and the lack of information on international market conditions. Copyright © 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.
Open Access
The impact of non-pricing strategies on the financial intermediary role of Turkish banks
(2010) Kara, Mahmut
This thesis aims to explore the effects of the availability of network branches on the intermediation performance of deposit banks in Turkey. Banks’ intermediation performance was measured by their ability to attract loans and deposits. The variations of non-pricing behavior among large scaled versus small scaled banks and public versus private banks were also analyzed. Panel generalized method of moment was used with quarterly panel data between the years 2003 and 2008. Empirical findings reveal that there exist a positive and significant relationship between all deposit banks’ intermediation performance and their branch network decisions. Results also confirmed that by having larger branch networks especially for large scaled, small scaled and private deposit banks significantly increase their deposits ans loans during the sample period. However, we couldn’t find any association between the financial intermediation performance and branch network size of the public banks. Overall, the findings suggest that branch network decisions play a critical role for deposit banks’ performance. Considering recent competition among banks in Turkey, we expect that branching strategies and other nonpricing strategies of the banks will matter more in the future.
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İstanbul a(r)t yarışları : Bu sayfa kazandırır
(1993)
Open Access
Mitigating the gender gap in the willingness to compete: evidence from a randomized field experiment
(Oxford University Press, 2019-08) Alan, Şule; Ertaç, Seda
We evaluate the impact on competitiveness of a randomized educational intervention that aims to foster grit, a skill that is highly predictive of achievement. The intervention is implemented in elementary schools, and we measure its impact using a dynamic competition task with interim performance feedback. We find that when children are exposed to a worldview that emphasizes the role of effort in achievement and encourages perseverance, the gender gap in the willingness to compete disappears. We show that the elimination of this gap implies significant efficiency gains. We also provide suggestive evidence on a plausible causal mechanism that runs through the positive impact of enhanced grit on girls' optimism about their future performance.
Open Access
Overlapping institutions on the way to non-hierarchy: EU-NATO relations between 1993-2016
(2021-08) Sözen, Ahmet
This study aims to analyze the dynamics of cooperation and competition between the EU and NATO between 1993 and 2016. Specifically, this research evaluated the dynamics of cooperation and competition between the EU and NATO within the scope of functional overlapping and hierarchy, which are basic dimensions of the regime complex theory developed in the first ten years of the 21st century. The study shows that the EU and NATO jointly operate in the field of military crisis management policy. At the same time, the study argues that although there is a hierarchy in favour of NATO between the EU and NATO, this hierarchy has decreased over time. This thesis states that both cooperation and competition dynamics can be seen between the two organizations because the EU and NATO operate jointly in military crisis management policy area. However, based on the decreasing hierarchy between EU and NATO, this thesis argues that the relationship between the two organizations is on the way from cooperation to competition.
Open Access
Overview
(CEPR, 2005) Togan, Sübidey; Hoekman, B.; Togan, Sübidey; Hoekman, B.
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Polatlı Belediyespor Kadın Hentbol Takımı'nın tarihi
(Bilkent University, 2020) İşsever, Defne; Eviz, Efe Musa; Baysal, Ceren; Gürsoy, Kaan; Temimhan, Yasemin
Araştırma konumuz Polatlı Belediyespor Kadın Hentbol Takımı tarihi olup öncelikle hentbolun genel tarihi araştırılmış ve Polatlı Belediyesi'nin spor üzerine yaptığı çalışmalar ortaya konulmuştur. Polatlı Belediyesi'nin spor ile ilgili yürüttüğü projeler arasında hentbolun yanında futbol, tekvando, yüzme, voleybol ve atletizm alanındaki çalışmaları da araştırma konusunun bir kısmında bulunmaktadır. Polatlı Belediyesi'nin belirtilen spor dallarındaki aktifliği incelenerek ve özellikle kadın hentbol takımının tarihi araştırılarak, geçmişten günümüze başarı aşamaları kaydedilmiştir. Hentbolun tarihinden itibaren, hentbol sporunun Türkiye'ye gelişi, Polatlı Belediyespor'un tarihi ve hentbolun bu kulübe kazandırılmasına kadar geçen süre ele alınarak tarihi müsabakalardaki başarılar ve mağlubiyetler incelenmiştir. "Hentbol nasıl bulundu?", "Nasıl bir yol izledi?", "Türkiye'ye geldikten sonra hentbol ülkeye neler kazandırdı?" ve "Polatlı Belediyespor hentbolla nasıl tanıştı?" gibi sorular araştırmanın içerisinde verilmeye çalışılmıştır. Özellikle Polatlı Belediyespor Kadın Hentbol takımının yakın tarihimizde elde ettiği başarılar ve takımın izlediği doğrultu, otuz senelik bir zaman dilimini içerisinde incelenmiş, araştırmacıya ölçme ve kıyaslama becerileri kazandırmıştır. Okuyucuya az bilinen, yerel takımların tarihi hakkında izlenim kazandırılmaya çalışılmıştır.
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Rekabet Kurumu'nun kurulması ve: rekabet hukukunun Türkiye'ye gelişi
(Bilkent University, 2020) Durmaz, Ahmet Fatih; Karaman, Doruk; Güngör, Hazal Eylem; Deringöl, Salih; Sasani, Sena
Rekabet, serbest piyasa ekonomisinde tüketicinin korunması ve ekonomik refahın sağlanması açısından önemli bir kavramdır. Bu kavram, Türkiye'de 1970'li yıllarda gelişmeye başlayıp 1994 yılında Rekabetin Korunması Hakkında Kanun ile hukuki zemine oturtulmuştur. Rekabet Kurumu ise kanunun kabulünden 3 yıl sonra, 1997 yılında kurulmuştur ve günümüzde hâlâ faaliyet göstermektedir. Rekabetin Türk piyasasındaki yeri ve Rekabet Kurumu, bugünlere gelene kadar farklı süreçlerden geçmiştir. Bu nedenle rekabet kavramı 1994 öncesi, 1994-1997 arası ve 1997 sonrası olarak üç farklı dönemde incelenmiştir.
Open Access
Retail location competition under carbon penalty
(Elsevier, 2018) Dilek, H.; Karaer, Ö.; Nadar, Emre
We study the retail location problem in a competitive linear market in which two retailers simultaneously choose their locations. Both retailers procure identical products from a common supplier and each consumer purchases from the closest retailer. Each retailer incurs transportation costs for inventory replenishment from the warehouse and consumer travels to the store. We consider two carbon tax schemes imposed on retailers: for supply-chain-related transportation and for consumer-related transportation. Our analysis indicates that intense competition between retailers leads to a “minimal differentiation” equilibrium, which substantially increases the total system emissions. According to our numerical experiments with realistic parameter values, carbon tax on supply-chain-related transportation does not affect retail location decisions. Carbon tax on consumer transportation, however, may effectively induce the retailers to approach the middle of their respective markets, reducing the total system emissions. Our analysis also indicates that a low carbon price, relative to market profitability, only reduces the total system profit without any effect on emissions. Our findings suggest that the central policymaker avoid a uniform carbon price across different sources of emission and sectors with different characteristics.
Open Access
A scheme for handling connectionless services in connection-oriented networks
(The Institute of Electronics, Information and Communication Engineers, 1997-10-25) Abdelati, M.; Arikan, E.
In this work we propose a pricing scheme which serves as an instrument for managing connectionless services in connection-oriented communication networks. The scheme is able to allocate network bandwidth in a Pareto-optimal way that maximizes the total surplus. The key idea is to decompose the service provision procedure among three separate parties whose interactions are governed by a set of competitive pricing mechanisms.
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Seçici kurul üyeliği üstüne
(2000) Günyol, Vedat