Browsing by Subject "Comparative studies"
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Item Open Access Comparative study of optically activated nanocomposites with photocatalytic TiO2 and ZnO nanoparticles for massive environmental decontamination(S P I E - International Society for Optical Engineering, 2007) Tek, S.; Mutlugun, E.; Soganci, I. M.; Perkgoz, N. K.; Yucel, D.; Celiker, G.; Demir, Hilmi VolkanNanocomposites that incorporate TiO2 and ZnO nanoparticles separately in three-dimensional solgel matrices through full chemical integration are prepared to perform highly efficient photocatalytic activities for applications of environmental decontamination. Spectral responses of photocatalytic TiO2 and ZnO nanoparticles exposed to UV activation for self-cleaning process were obtained as also their optical relative spectral efficiency curves from 270 to 370 nm in the UV regime. Our investigations of the optimal conditions to increase their spectral photocatalytic efficiencies resulted in remarkably high levels of optical recovery and efficiency.Item Open Access A comparative study of single-layer and multi-layer traffic engineering approaches on transparent optical networks(IEEE, 2007) Şengezer, Namık; Puype, B.; Karasan, Ezhan; Pickavet, M.This paper comparatively studies single-layer and multi-layer traffic engineering strategies on an IP/MPLS/WDM network. These strategies are evaluated and compared in two different scenarios. In the first scenario, the strategies make use of statistical information on the traffic patterns. In the second scenario, the traffic engineering decisions are based on the instantaneous traffic information only. The performance and benefits of both approaches are discussed based on simulations considering both throughput and network resource usage. © 2007 IEEE.Item Open Access Comparative study of thin film n-i-p a-Si: H solar cells to investigate the effect of absorber layer thickness on the plasmonic enhancement using gold nanoparticles(Elsevier Ltd, 2015) Islam, K.; Chowdhury F.I.; Okyay, Ali Kemal; Nayfeh, A.In this paper, the effect of gold nanoparticles on n-i-p a-Si:H solar cells with different intrinsic layer (i-layer) thicknesses has been studied. 100nm and 500nm i-layer based n-i-p a-Si:H solar cells were fabricated and colloidal gold (Au) nanoparticles dispersed in water-based solution were spin-coated on the top surface of the solar cells. The Au nanoparticles are of spherical shape and have 100nm diameter. Electrical and quantum efficiency measurements were carried out and the results show an increase in short-circuit current density (Jsc), efficiency and external quantum efficiency (EQE) with the incorporation of the nanoparticles on both cells. Jsc increases from 5.91mA/cm2 to 6.5mA/cm2 (~10% relative increase) and efficiency increases from 3.38% to 3.97% (~17.5% relative increase) for the 100nm i-layer solar cell after plasmonic enhancement whereas Jsc increases from 9.34mA/cm2 to 10.1mA/cm2 (~7.5% relative increase) and efficiency increases from 4.27% to 4.99% (~16.9% relative increase) for the 500nm i-layer cell. The results show that plasmonic enhancement is more effective in 100nm than 500nm i-layer thickness for a-Si:H solar cells. Moreover, the results are discussed in terms of light absorption and electron hole pair generation. © 2015 Elsevier Ltd.Item Open Access A comparative study on the processing of ultrasonic arc maps(IEEE, 2008-08) Barshan, BillurThe directional maximum (DM) technique for processing ultrasonic arc maps is proposed and compared to previously existing techniques. The method processes ultrasonic arc maps directionally to extract the map of the environment and overcome the intrinsic angular uncertainty of ultrasonic sensors. It also eliminates noise and cross-talk related misreadings successfully. The comparison is based on experimental data and three complementary error criteria. The DM technique offers a very good compromise between mean absolute error and correct detection rate, with a processing time less than tenth of a second. It is superior to existing techniques in range accuracy and in eliminating artifacts, resulting in the best overall performance. The results indicate several trade-offs in the choice of ultrasonic arc-map processing techniques.Item Restricted Dizeler arasında(1978) Emre, AbidinItem Open Access Düşme tespiti için sınıflandırma yöntemlerinin karşılaştırılması(IEEE, 2014-04) Çatalbaş, Bahadır; Yücesoy, Burak; Seçer, G.; Aslan, MuratBu bildiride giyilebilir yapıda olan ve üç boyutlu ölçüm alabilen bir ivmeölçerin çıktılarını kullanarak düşme tespiti yapan farklı algoritmaların karşılaştırılması yapılmıştır. Karşılaştırma amacıyla destek vektör makineleri, yapay sinir ağları ile elde edilen sınıflandırıcılar ve kural bazlı bir sınıflandırıcı kullanılmıştır. Sınıflandırıcıların tasarlanması ve dogrulanması amacıyla 7 farklı denekten üçer defa düşme ve düşme dışındaki günlük aktivitelere ilişkin ivmeölçer verileri toplanmıştır. Yapılan karşılaştırma sonucunda tespit doğruluğu en yüksek algoritmanın %87,76 ile destek vektör makineleri olduğu bulunmuştur. En yüksek düşme tespit oranı da %90,91 ˘ olarak kural bazlı sınıflandırıcı kullanımıyla elde edilmiştir. En yüksek özgüllük oranı %89,47 ile yine destek vektör makineleri ile elde edilmiştir.Item Open Access Grating based plasmonic band gap cavities(Optical Society of American (OSA), 2009-08) Şenlik, S. Seçkin; Kocabaş, Aşkın; Aydınlı, AtillaWe report on a comparative study of grating based plasmonic band gap cavities. Numerically, we calculate the quality factors of the cavities based on three types of grating surfaces; uniform, biharmonic and Moiré surfaces. We show that for biharmonic band gap cavities, the radiation loss can be suppressed by removing the additional grating component in the cavity region. Due to the gradual change of the surface profile in the cavity region, Moiré type surfaces support cavity modes with higher quality factors. Experimentally, we demonstrate the existence of plasmonic cavities based on uniform gratings. Effective index perturbation and cavity geometries are obtained by additional dielectric loading. Quality factor of 85 is obtained from the measured band structure of the cavity. © 2009 Optical Society of America.Item Open Access Human activity recognition using inertial/magnetic sensor units(Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, 2010) Altun, Kerem; Barshan, BillurThis paper provides a comparative study on the different techniques of classifying human activities that are performed using body-worn miniature inertial and magnetic sensors. The classification techniques implemented and compared in this study are: Bayesian decision making (BDM), the least-squares method (LSM), the k-nearest neighbor algorithm (k-NN), dynamic time warping (DTW), support vector machines (SVM), and artificial neural networks (ANN). Daily and sports activities are classified using five sensor units worn by eight subjects on the chest, the arms, and the legs. Each sensor unit comprises a triaxial gyroscope, a triaxial accelerometer, and a triaxial magnetometer. Principal component analysis (PCA) and sequential forward feature selection (SFFS) methods are employed for feature reduction. For a small number of features, SFFS demonstrates better performance and should be preferable especially in real-time applications. The classifiers are validated using different cross-validation techniques. Among the different classifiers we have considered, BDM results in the highest correct classification rate with relatively small computational cost. © 2010 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg.Item Open Access Human activity recognition using tag-based localization(IEEE, 2012-04) Yurtman, Aras; Barshan, BarshanThis paper provides a comparative study on the different techniques of classifying human activities using a tag-based radio-frequency (RF) localization system. Non-uniformly-sampled data containing position measurements of the tags on the body is first converted to a uniformly-sampled one using different curve-fitting algorithms. Then, the data is partitioned into segments. Finally, various classification techniques are applied to classify human activities. Curve-fitting, segmentation, and classification methods are compared using different cross-validation techniques and the combination resulting in the best performance is presented. The results indicate that the system demonstrates acceptable performance despite the fact that tag-based RF localization is not very accurate.Item Open Access Human activity recognition using tag-based radio frequency localization(Taylor and Francis Inc., 2016) Yurtman, A.; Barshan, B.This article provides a comparative study on the different techniques of classifying human activities using tag-based radio-frequency (RF) localization. A publicly available dataset is used where the position data of multiple RF tags worn on different parts of the human body are acquired asynchronously and nonuniformly. In this study, curves fitted to the data are resampled uniformly and then segmented. We investigate the effect on system accuracy of varying the relevant system parameters. We compare various curve-fitting, segmentation, and classification techniques and present the combination resulting in the best performance. The classifiers are validated using 5-fold and subject-based leave-one-out cross validation, and for the complete classification problem with 11 classes, the proposed system demonstrates an average classification error of 8.67% and 21.30%, respectively. When the number of classes is reduced to five by omitting the transition classes, these errors become 1.12% and 6.52%, respectively. The results indicate that the system demonstrates acceptable classification performance despite that tag-based RF localization does not provide very accurate position measurements.Item Open Access Imaging capability of pseudomorphic high electron mobility transistors, AlGaN/GaN, and Si micro-Hall probes for scanning Hall probe microscopy between 25 and 125 °c(American Vacuum Society, 2009) Akram, R.; Dede, M.; Oral, A.The authors present a comparative study on imaging capabilities of three different micro-Hall probe sensors fabricated from narrow and wide band gap semiconductors for scanning hall probe microscopy at variable temperatures. A novel method of quartz tuning fork atomic force microscopy feedback has been used which provides extremely simple operation in atmospheric pressures, high-vacuum, and variable-temperature environments and enables very high magnetic and reasonable topographic resolution to be achieved simultaneously. Micro-Hall probes were produced using optical lithography and reactive ion etching process. The active area of all different types of Hall probes were 1×1 μ m2. Electrical and magnetic characteristics show Hall coefficient, carrier concentration, and series resistance of the hall sensors to be 10 mG, 6.3× 1012 cm-2, and 12 k at 25 °C and 7 mG, 8.9× 1012 cm-2 and 24 k at 125 °C for AlGaNGaN two-dimensional electron gas (2DEG), 0.281 mG, 2.2× 1014 cm-2, and 139 k at 25 °C and 0.418 mG, 1.5× 1014 cm-2 and 155 k at 100 °C for Si and 5-10 mG, 6.25× 1012 cm-2, and 12 k at 25 °C for pseudomorphic high electron mobility transistors (PHEMT) 2DEG Hall probe. Scan of magnetic field and topography of hard disc sample at variable temperatures using all three kinds of probes are presented. The best low noise image was achieved at temperatures of 25, 100, and 125 °C for PHEMT, Si, and AlGaNGaN Hall probes, respectively. This upper limit on the working temperature can be associated with their band gaps and noise associated with thermal activation of carriers at high temperatures.Item Open Access Localization of diagnostically relevant regions of interest in whole slide images: a comparative study(Springer New York LLC, 2016-08) Mercan, E.; Aksoy, S.; Shapiro, L. G.; Weaver, D. L.; Brunyé, T. T.; Elmore, J. G.Whole slide digital imaging technology enables researchers to study pathologists’ interpretive behavior as they view digital slides and gain new understanding of the diagnostic medical decision-making process. In this study, we propose a simple yet important analysis to extract diagnostically relevant regions of interest (ROIs) from tracking records using only pathologists’ actions as they viewed biopsy specimens in the whole slide digital imaging format (zooming, panning, and fixating). We use these extracted regions in a visual bag-of-words model based on color and texture features to predict diagnostically relevant ROIs on whole slide images. Using a logistic regression classifier in a cross-validation setting on 240 digital breast biopsy slides and viewport tracking logs of three expert pathologists, we produce probability maps that show 74 % overlap with the actual regions at which pathologists looked. We compare different bag-of-words models by changing dictionary size, visual word definition (patches vs. superpixels), and training data (automatically extracted ROIs vs. manually marked ROIs). This study is a first step in understanding the scanning behaviors of pathologists and the underlying reasons for diagnostic errors. © 2016, Society for Imaging Informatics in Medicine.Item Open Access LOS/NLOS detection for UWB signals: A comparative study using experimental data(IEEE, 2010) Decarli, N.; Dardari, D.; Gezici, Sinan; D'Amico, A.A.In this paper the problem of detecting the channel state between LOS and NLOS conditions is addressed using UWB signals. A new distribution-based identification approach is proposed and its performance is compared with that of other classic schemes. To this purpose experimental data collected in realistic environments have been used. © 2010 IEEE.Item Open Access Non-radiative resonance energy transfer in bi-polymer nanoparticles of fluorescent conjugated polymers(Optical Society of American (OSA), 2010) Ozel I.O.; Ozel, T.; Demir, Hilmi Volkan; Tuncel, D.This work demonstrates the comparative studies of non-radiative resonance energy transfer in bi-polymer nanoparticles based on fluorescent conjugated polymers. For this purpose, poly[(9,9-dihexylfluorene) (PF) as a donor (D) and poly[2-methoxy-5-(2'-ethyl-hexyloxy)-1,4-phenylene vinylene] (MEH-PPV) as an acceptor (A) have been utilized, from which four different bi-polymer nanoparticle systems are designed and synthesized. Both, steady-state fluorescence spectra and time-resolved fluorescence measurements indicate varying energy transfer efficiencies from the host polymer PF to the acceptor polymer MEH-PPV depending on the D-A distances and structural properties of the nanoparticles. The first approach involves the preparation of PF and MEH-PPV nanoparticles separately and mixing them at a certain ratio. In the second approach, first PF and MEH-PPV solutions are mixed prior to nanoparticle formation and then nanoparticles are prepared from the mixture. Third and fourth approaches involve the sequential nanoparticle preparation. In the former, nanoparticles are prepared to have PF as a core and MEH-PPV as a shell. The latter is the reverse of the third in which the core is MEH-PPV and the shell is PF. The highest energy transfer efficiency recorded to be 35% is obtained from the last system, in which a PF layer is sequentially formed on MEH-PPV NPs. © 2010 Optical Society of America.Item Restricted Şeytan bugün ne yapıyor; Yaşamdan parçalar ( ve şeytan üzerine küçük sözlük)(1998) Aktunç, Hulki