Browsing by Subject "Communism"

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A conversation in Paris with Ignazio Silone
(1955) Silone, İgnazio
Open Access
Art and everydayness: popular culture and daily life in the communist Czechoslovakia
(Sage Publications Ltd., 2012) Just, D.
This article analyzes the interaction between art and practices of everyday life in communist Czechoslovakia in the 1970s and 1980s. Discussing various forms of adaptations to the politically repressive system - from photography and film to social activities such as 'cottage homemaking' and 'cabining' - the author describes ways in which popular culture under communism resisted the state-induced drive to modernize which, as a political tool, was designed to pacify the masses. The article suggests that by breaching the gap between the quotidian and the extraordinary, which as a systemic division has defined daily life in modernity, popular culture was instrumental in reinvigorating everydayness. © The Author(s) 2012.
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Bir fikir adamı: Şevket Süreyya Aydemir
(Bilkent University, 2020) Yılmaz, Aybala Yağmur; Aladağ, Cemre Nur; Elgin, Dilara; Aydın, Şakire Jülide; Demirhan, Zehra
Şevket Süreyya Aydemir, 1897'de Edirne'de doğmuş bir yazar, iktisatçı ve aydındır. Moskova'da üniversite eğitimini tamamlayan Şevket Süreyya, komünizm başta olmak üzere birçok ideolojiden etkilendi. İstanbul'a dönmesi ile beraber Lenin ve Leninizm isimli komünizmi konu alan eseri yazdı. Daha sonra Aydınlık dergisinde on yıl hüküm giymesine sebep olan komünizm temelli yazılar yayımladı. Otobiyografisinde hapishane döneminde komünizm ideolojisinden uzaklaştığını belirten Şevket Süreyya, devletçilik ilkesini temel alan Kemalizm'e sempati besledi. Her ne kadar komünizm ile ilişkisinin eskisi gibi olmadığını söylese de Aydemir'in daha sonraları katkıda bulunduğu Kadro ve Yön dergilerinde bu ideolojinin izlerini taşıdığı görülür.
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Casuslukla suçlanan bir Bulgar Türkü: Osman Kılıç
(Bilkent University, 2020) Aydoğan, Melike Fatma; Tekin, İrem; Özkurt, İrem; Özbek, Yüksel Talip; Alpdemir, Yusuf
Bir Bulgar Türkü olan Osman Kılıç, 1920 yılında Bulgaristan'ın Razgrad vilayetinde doğdu. Komünist Parti'nin iktidara gelmesi üzerine Bulgaristan'da yaşayan azınlıkların maruz kaldığı kötü muameleye tanık oldu. Kılıç, kendisini taraflarına çekerek Türklerin oyunu almak isteyen Komünist Parti'nin planına alet olmadı. Bu sebeple Türkiye lehine casusluk yaptığı iddiası ile tutuklandı ve idam cezasına çarptırıldı. Bulgaristan'da idam cezasının kaldırması üzerine yaklaşık on beş sene hapis yattı. Adnan Menderes Hükûmeti, İstanbul'daki Bulgaristan Başkonsolosluğunda görev yaparken tutuklanan, Bulgaristan vatandaşı Çobanov ile Kılıç'ı takas etmek için Bulgar Hükûmeti ile anlaştı ve bu sürecin ardından Osman Kılıç Türkiye'ye geldi. Bu araştırmadaki bilgiler özellikle otobiyografik eseri "Kader Kurbanı" ve kendisi ile gerçekleştirilen röportaj çerçevesinde elde edildi.
Open Access
Cold War
(SAGE Publications, Inc., 2004) Winter, Thomas; Carroll, Bret E.
The Cold War, which began after World War II and lasted through the 1980s, was a geopolitical rivalry between the United States and the Soviet Union grounded in an ideological rivalry between capitalism and communism. The Cold War raised concerns about both external and internal threats to American strength, social stability, and security, and particularly to material abundance, middle-class lifestyles, and cultural norms about masculinity. Motivated by fears of emasculation, effeminization, and homosexuality, Americans anxiously defined their nation and their way of life in terms culturally associated with masculinity, including power, diplomatic and military assertiveness, economic success, sexual and physical prowess, moral righteousness, and patriotism.
Open Access
A comparative analysis of the performance of the parliamentary left in the Indian states of Kerala, West Bengal and Tripura
(Routledge, 2012) Öktem, K. G.
This article compares the fortunes of the government coalitions under the leadership of the Communist Party of India (Marxist) or CPI(M) in Kerala, West Bengal and Tripura. The pattern of development and the success of the coalitions differ. In Kerala, the Left has lost every other election, whereas in West Bengal and Tripura, it has won many consecutive elections. West Bengal has seen stagnation in terms of human development, whereas Kerala and Tripura turnedto different degreesinto model states for human development. It is argued that the reasons for these different paths are to be found in the different strategies followed by the regional party units. Developmental success has been delivered through a mobilisation-based approach which has been followed inKerala and Tripura, but given up in West Bengal. This study explores thethree cases and elaborates on the reasons for the choice of strategies in the three states.
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Euro-communism
(1979) Phillips, William
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Far Left of Center: The American Radical Left Today by Harvey Klehr
(1990) Gorman, Robert A.
Open Access
From anti-war to pro-war: Pete Seeger and Woody Guthrie during World War II
(2020-12) Yemenici, Burak
Pete Seeger and Woody Guthrie, two legendary figures of American folk music, lived through some of the most tumultuous periods of the history of the United States. The circumstances they grew up in and the people they encountered led them to meet communism in the 1930s. Being two independent souls, they were not registered members of the Communist Party but walked on the same path for years as “fellow travelers.” Both men claimed that they wrote and sang songs for the causes they believed in without being subjects of a larger organization. However, an analysis on their political views from the late 1930s to the early 1940s, particularly their change of political stance in the aftermath of the German invasion of the Soviet Union in June 1941, indicates that their political mindset was in close resemblance with the stance of the Communist Party. This thesis narrates the story of how Pete Seeger and Woody Guthrie became firm supporters of the United States’ entrance into World War II with all their war songs in a matter of months even though they previously displayed a strict anti-war stance with many songs manifesting their standpoint, and how this change was in near-perfect alignment with that of the Communist Party.
Open Access
From rival to collaborator: The curious case of resurgent nationalism in china
(T.C. Türk İşbirliği ve Koordinasyon Ajansı Başkanlığı, 2012) Ersoy, Eyüp
In this article, first, the causes and the characteristics of the resurgent nationalism in China are examined. To that end, emergence of nationalism in China in the early 20th century, simply old nationalism, and reemergence of nationalism in China in the late 20th century, simply new nationalism, are discussed, and the two nationalisms are to be contrasted. An important argument here is that the main objective of old nationalism was to be a nation, emphasizing the need and the desire to resemble other nations, while the main objective of new nationalism is to become the nation, emphasizing the need and the desire to assert the peculiarity of the nation. Second, this article addresses the issue that while old nationalism was a fatal rival of the state, the Imperial Court, in the early 20th century, new nationalism is a vital collaborator of the state, the Communist government. Accordingly, the causes of this rather intriguing transformation are to be evaluated.
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Joan Baez kimdir?
(1992)
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Lukacs at 13
(1988) Stern, Laurent
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Marshall yardımları ve değişen Türkiye yerli tarımı
(Bilkent University, 2021) Gözeten, Halil Alperen; Şahin, Kerem; Yüceel, Ege; Tek, Kaan; Yıldız, Ardacan
Yeni kurulan bir ülke olan Türkiye Cumhuriyeti, İkinci Dünya Savaşı’nın da etkisiyle dış tehditlerden dolayı müttefiklerinden gelecek maddi bir yardım talep etmektedir. Bu talebe bir cevap olmuş olan Marshall Yardımları Türkiye tarımına destek olmuş ve geliştirmeyi hedeflemiştir. Bu hedef doğrultusunda yapılmış olan 76,5 milyon dolarlık yatırım ile ülkede sulama, makineleşme ve tarım yapılabilecek alanların artırılması gibi çalışmalar yapılmıştır. Bu araştırma sınırları dahilinde, 1948-1951 yılları arasında Marshall Planı doğrultusunda yapılmış olan bu yardımlar ve gelişmeler ayrıntılı bir biçimde incelenecek; sonuçları tarımsal üretim, çiftçinin durumu, ekonomik kalkınma, dışa bağımlılık, ithalat ve ihracattaki değişimler gibi farklı başlıklar altında değerlendirilecektir. Böylelikle Türkiye Cumhuriyeti’nin tarım alanındaki konumu ve bu alanda yaşanan problemlerin kökeninin anlaşılabilmesi hedeflenmektedir.
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Marxism and Mao
(1973) Gouldner, Alvin W.
Open Access
Modernizing neighbors: Turkish-Iranian relations from the interwar period to the Early Cold War
(2019-08) Kanmaz, Dilşah Nur
After the establishment of the Turkish Republic and the Pahlavi dynasty, Turkish-Iranian bilateral relations reached their peak under the leaderships of Mustafa Kemal Atatürk and Reza Shah Pahlavi. Then, the premiership of Mohammad Mossadegh in Iran (1951-1953) was an era during which the bilateral relations were tested. This study deals with the factors behind these two distinctive periods in the inter-state relations. Taking into consideration the development of the nationalist ideology as an important political force in the hands of both the nationalist-modernist regimes of the interwar period and for Mossadegh’s popular national movement, I have sought to explain the different articulations of the nationalist ideology in Turkey and Iran before and after WWII. As the findings of this study show, nationalism in interwar Turkey and Iran emerged as an official state ideology which aimed to establish state authority across the country. Each state’s commitment to the idea of the nation-state and to the sovereignty of the other proved to be significant in close relations. After WWII, Turkish nationalism evolved to take on an anti-communist identity. On the other hand, the rising tide of nationalism, anti-imperialism, and communism led up to the nationalization of Iranian oil in 1951. The early Cold War years marked a divergence in the interpretations of the nationalist ideology in Turkey and Iran, and ideological divergence contributed to the weakening of bilateral relations.
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Piyon Peşkov'dan acılı Maksim'e: Maksim Gorkiy'in trajedisi
(1993) Kurtuluş, Akif
Open Access
Political regimes and immigrant party preferences
(SAGE, 2019) Just, Aida
This article examines how political regimes in migrants’ origin countries influence their party identification in adopted homeland. I posit that immigrants are more likely to acquire partisanship in their host country if they came from a nonparty autocracy as opposed to a party-based autocracy or democracy. Moreover, among partisans, immigrants are less likely to identify with a left-wing party if they came from a communist regime. Finally, these effects are particularly pronounced among foreign-born individuals from highly authoritarian regimes. The analyses using Geddes, Wright, and Frantz Autocratic Regimes data along with individual-level data from the European Social Survey (ESS) 2002-2017 in 19 established democracies confirm these expectations. These findings have important implications for debates on immigrant political integration, party politics, and the prospects of electoral stability in contemporary democracies.
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Religion as opposition a Gramscian Analysis
(1990) Billings, Dwight B.
Open Access
"Septemvriiche" newspaper as a visual representation of the state-party-art-culture relations in Bulgaria 1946-1993
(2002) Pecheva, Tania Ivanova
This study lays in the general fields of “arts and politics” and “arts and state” relationships. These indisputably broad fields are restricted in this work by concentrating on a specific historical period (1946-1993), on a particular country (Bulgaria) and an actual event – the existence of “Septemvriiche” newspaper. In the first half of the work, the reader is introduced to the general historical and political circumstances and artistic events of the time. Consequently, the relations between the state and the party from one side and the sphere of art and culture from the other are shown by concentrating on the visual and textual appearance of “Septemvriiche” newspaper and the particular political and historical facts reflected on its pages.
Open Access
A short history of anti-Americanism and terrorism: the Turkish case
(Oxford University Press, 2002-09) Criss, N. B.
[No abstract available]