Browsing by Subject "Committee of Union and Progress"

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The events of the 31 March incident
(Bilkent University, 2021) Mammadov, Fuad; Gurbanova, Gultan; Karim, İqbal; Abouelenin, Yara; Khialov, Rashad
The events of 31 March were the retaliation of the conservatives as an attempt to overthrow the government after the restoration of the Second Constitutional Era in late 1908. The events eventually led to the failure of the counter-coup. Tevfik Pasha reformed the cabinet and government as the grand vizier, which brought peace back to the streets after days of utter terror. The paper will aim to analyze the effects of the 31 March Incident in social and constitutional aspects while providing background information and details about the changes to come.
Open Access
Freemasonry in the Ottoman lands: a transnational history
(2022-07) Tiryaki, Rüştü Murat
Early encounters with Freemasonry in the Ottoman lands took place in the eighteenth century. Its significance as a sociocultural institution developed after the Crimean War, when Ottoman subjects belonging to different ethnic and religious backgrounds joined an increasing number of lodges formed in Istanbul and Izmir, as well as the Balkans, Egypt and Palestine. Following the Young Turk Revolution of 1908, Ottoman Freemasonry formed its own sovereign administrative body and was highly engaged in the political climate of the period during which the Committee of Union and Progress became a major political actor. A significant characteristic of Ottoman Freemasonry after the middle of the nineteenth century was its inclusivity towards different elements in the empire. It was seen by its adherents as a vehicle towards the ideal of a fraternal existence within the remaining territories of the empire, epitomized in the Young Ottoman movement and later that of the Young Turks. This work endeavors to place Ottoman Freemasonry in the broader sociopolitical picture of the Ottoman Empire from the late 18th century until the collapse of the empire following the First World War. The history of Ottoman Freemasonry during this period is significant historically because of its association with individuals from Ottoman society’s diverse ethnic and denominational components, many with prominent standing in the cultural and political history of the empire, and also, because of its relation with the various significant sociopolitical processes which took place during this period.
Open Access
Freemasonry’s political and diplomatic entanglements in the last phase of Ottoman history: the peculiar case of the Committee of Union and Progress
(Routledge, 2022-09-14) Tiryaki, Rüştü Murat
Freemasonic activity in the Ottoman lands saw an unprecedented growth and dynamism in the final phase of Ottoman history particularly benefitting from its close association with the Young Turk movement and its political apparatus, the Committee of Union and Progress (CUP). Ottoman freemasonry was led to a new level of popularity with a great deal of public visibility, a consequence of which was the formation of the Ottoman Grand Orient as a national organization for the first time in the Ottoman lands. Despite the ensuing controversial accusations and conspiracy theories against the freemasonic institution which became commonplace during the period in question, it occupied a place within the Ottoman state and society which it had never attained before. This made it possible for the Ottoman freemasons to integrate themselves to the universal fraternal discourse of the freemasonic philosophy during a last attempt of the Ottoman administration to keep its remaining lands intact. The intention of this article is to create a window within the broader picture of the socio-political environment of the time with a view to the position and involvement of freemasonry in which its association with the CUP often stands out as a major factor.
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İstanbul’un perili köşklerinden Bakırköy’ün simgesi haline gelmiş Hürriyet Kahramanı Resneli Niyazi’nin gizemli köşkü
(Bilkent University, 2023) Bozkurt, Azra Melisa; Beyaztaş, Berfin; Kaya, Selcen Azra; Özkaya, Doğukan; Ataoğlu, Hikmet Bora
Resneli Niyazi Bey Türk tarihine önemli katkılarda bulunmuş bir figürdür. Bu çalışmada, Niyazi Bey’in Osmanlı-Yunan Savaşı’ndaki çarpıcı rolü, İttihat ve Terakki Cemiyeti içindeki konumu, Türk halkına armağan ettiği sıkça kullanılan deyimler ve talihsiz ölümü incelenmiştir. Ardından Niyazi Bey’in büyük katkıları olan Resneliler Köşkü’nün tarihi, mimarisi, Bakırköy semti için önemi ve perili olarak adlandırılmasının kültürel nedenleri anlatılmıştır. Köşk’ün güncel durumu ve korunması için atılan adımlar, İstanbul’daki diğer perili köşkler arasında öne çıkan özellikleriyle birlikte incelenmiştir. Halk arasında dolaşan bu köşkle ilgili efsaneler ise Perili Köşk’ün zengin tarih ve kültür mirasının güncel etkileri vurgulanmaktadır.
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The untold story of an inspiring woman: Selma Rıza
(Bilkent University, 2020) Charyyeva, Jennet; Yang, Jung Heun; Nazzal, Nil; Hammoud, Rawan; Ereshova, Selbi
Selma Rıza is noted to be an inspiring woman who was a journalist and an advocate in different political and social bodies. Her novel, Uhuvvet, explicates the different aspects of women living within Turkish society. Importantly, Selma Rıza not only affected society through her writings, but also through different positions she took, some of which include: literature, health, politics, and education. She worked in the Red Crescent and was involved in the Committee of Union and Progress. Her uniqueness was also derived from her family members, specifically her brother, who partook in the Young Turks. Selma experienced struggles due to the patriarchal nature of the society that dismissed the contributions of women. Needless to say, her legacy was further humbled by the lack of adequate sources that detail her eventful life and hard work. This research is an effort to contribute to the literature about Selma Rıza.