Browsing by Subject "Canada"
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Item Open Access The exon 13 duplication in the BRCA1 gene is a founder mutation present in geographicaly diverse populations(Cell Press, 2000) Mazoyer, S.; Leary, J.; Kirk, J.; Fleischmann, E.; Wagner, T.; Claes, K.; Messiaen, L.; Foulkes, W.; Desrochers, M.; Simard, J.; Phelan, C. M.; Kwan, E.; Narod, S. A.; Vahteristo, P.; Nevanlinna, H.; Durando, X.; Bignon, Y. J.; Peyrat, J. P.; Bonnardel, C.; Sinilnikova, O. M.; Puget, N.; Lenoir, G. M.; Audoynaud, C.; Goldgar, D.; Maugard, C.; Caux, V.; Gad, S.; Stoppa-Lyonnet, D.; Noguès, C.; Lidereau, R.; Machavoine, C.; Bressac-De Paillerets, B.; Kuschel, B.; Betz, B.; Niederacher, D.; Beckmann, M. W.; Hamann, U.; Ponder, B. A. P.; Robinson, M.; Taylor G. R.; Bishop, T.; Catteau, A.; Solomon, E.; Cohen, B.; Steel, M.; Collins, N.; Stratton, M.; Van Der Looij, M.; Oláh, E.; Miller, N. J.; Barton, D. E.; Sverdlov, R. S.; Friedman, E.; Radice P.; Montagna, M.; Sensi, E.; Caligo, M.; Van Eijk, R.; Devilee, P.; Van Der Luijt, R.; Heimdal, K.; Møller, P.; Borg, Å.; Diez, O.; Cortes, J.; Domenech, M.; Baiget, M.; Osorio, A.; Benítez, J.; Maillet, P.; Sappino, A. P.; Özdag, H.; Özçelik, T.; Ozturk, M.; Rohlfs, E. M.; Boyd, J.; McDermott, D.; Offit, K.; Unger, M.; Nathanson, K.; Weber, B. L.; Sellers, T. A.; Hampton, E.; Couch, F. J.; Neuhausen, S.; Gayther, S. A.Recently, a 6-kb duplication of exon 13, which creates a frameshift in the coding sequence of the BRCA1 gene, has been described in three unrelated U.S. families of European ancestry and in one Portuguese family. Here, our goal was to estimate the frequency and geographic diversity of carriers of this duplication. To do this, a collaborative screening study was set up that involved 39 institutions from 19 countries and included 3,580 unrelated individuals with a family history of the disease and 934 early-onset breast and/or ovarian cancer cases. A total of 11 additional families carrying this mutation were identified in Australia (1), Belgium (1), Canada (1), Great Britain (6), and the United States (2). Haplotyping showed that they are likely to derive from a common ancestor, possibly of northern British origin. Our results demonstrate that it is strongly advisable, for laboratories carrying out screening either in English-speaking countries or in countries with historical links with Britain, to include within their BRCA1 screening protocols the polymerase chain reaction-based assay described in this report.Item Open Access Influence and impact: interacting factors in asylum policy-making and implementation in Canada and Turkey (1988-92)(Routledge, 2020) Özçürümez, Saime; Hamer, ChristinaWith rates of asylum seekers increasing across decades worldwide, why do high- and middle-income countries persistently adopt more restrictive asylum policies? By analyzing data from the cases of Canada and Turkey (1988-92), this study shows that domestic policy preferences of decision-makers and refugee determination systems constitute the factors with the highest impact on restrictive asylum policy-making. Through the use of latent content analysis of primary historical documents and elite and expert interviews and an innovative application of the ADVIAN classification method of impact analysis, this study claims that interactions among institutions are critical for the changes a country's asylum policy. Conclusions of this study challenge existing research to move beyond monocausal explanatory schemes for understanding restrictive asylum policy trends and engage with complex frameworks accounting for interacting factors.Item Restricted Karaya bağlanan iki saklı cennet: Yeşilada ve Canada(Bilkent University, 2020) Yılmaz, Ahmet Hakan; Teke, Gözdenur; Özmen, Ezgi; Kutlu, Akın; Soymen, PırılBu makalede, 1972-1975 yılları arasında Yeşilada ve Canada’nın Eğirdir ana karası ile bağlanması ve bunun etkileri incelenmiştir. Eğirdir ilçesinin durumu hakkında genel bir bilgi verilmiştir. İnsanların çektiği sıkıntılara çözüm olarak ortaya atılan bu proje, o dönemin ekonomik şartlarıyla inşa edilmiştir. Adaların ana karaya nasıl bağlanacağı ve uygulanabilecek bağlantı yolu alternatifleri araştırılarak seçilen uygulamanın ilçenin beşerî ve ekolojik yapısına etkileri ele alınmıştır.Item Open Access State actors and the effects of international crisis on asylum policy in Canada and Turkey(2018-12) Hamer, ChristinaOver the last 25 years, the literature suggests that asylum policies in industrialized countries have become increasingly restrictive and selective. Although there is academic debate, particularly in connection with security studies, presently accepted definitions of ‘refugee’ and ‘asylum’ tend to be informed by the Convention and its creation in response to movement of people coming out of devastating conflict. This research examines six influential factors identified as affecting the implementation of asylum policy within four different historical cases of refugee influx stemming from international conflict: Canada and Turkey, 1988-1992 and 2001-2005. It uses a new method, ADVIAN classification, to analyze non-linear relationships amongst factors to understand which are the most active, passive, and critical, and how the factors interact as a system. This research uses data from the study of primary historical documents and information from elite interviews. By understanding the relationships and status of each factor within the system, this research contributes to understanding asylum policy as comparative systems and identifies common interactions amongst factors across diverse cases.Item Restricted Türkiye'nin ilk olimpik artistik patencisi: Tuğba Karademir(Bilkent University, 2021) Yava, Berrin; Günaltay, İpek; Kuş, Umut Emre; Özel, İbrahim; Es, Mehmet Erkam1990 yılında artistik patene başlayan, Türkiye’de sporunu ilerletemediğinden dolayı 1996 yılında ailesi ile beraber Kanada’nın Ontario eyaletinde bulunan Barrie şehrine taşınan Türk sporcu Tuğba Karademir 2005 ve 2010 yıllarında Türkiye’yi olimpiyatlarda temsil etti. Avrupa’da, Kanada’da ve birçok farklı ülkede yarışmalarda kendini gösterdi ve 2010 da yaşadığı bazı sıkıntılardan dolayı buz patenini profesyonel olarak yapmayı bıraktı. Sonrasında hayatına Kanada’da üniversite eğitimi alarak ve avukat olarak devam etti. Bu sırada Türkiye’ye katkı sağlamaya devam etti ve bağlarını koparmadı. Günümüzde hala Kanada’da bir avukat ve diğer zamanlarında antrenör olarak çalışmaya devam ediyor.Item Open Access What moves the highly skilled and why? comparing Turkish nationals in Canada and Germany(Wiley-Blackwell Publishing Ltd., 2016) Ozcurumez, S.; Aker, D. Y.Based on in-depth interviews with highly skilled and business Turkish nationals (HSBTN) in Canada and Germany, this study aims to explore why HSBTN decide to move and whether migration policy differences among the countries of destination affect recent migration motivations of HSBTN. It mainly focuses on the reasons and rationale of HSBTN and their explanations. This study argues that the high skilled and business migrants in general and HSBTN in particular move internationally as a consequence of individual-level gain beyond economic prospects. © 2016 The Authors. International Migration © 2016 IOMItem Open Access World ecology in Martineau’s And Gaskell’s colonial pastorals(Oxford University Press, 2020) Çelikkol, AyşeThe pastoral tends to offer a retreat from modern life, but Harriet Martineau and Elizabeth Gaskell reverse this pattern. They both turn to the colonies to reconcile the pastoral mode with capitalism, and, in their pastoral depictions of colonial life, we witness that mode’s peculiar capacity to narrate what the environmental historian Jason W. Moore calls ‘the capitalist world ecology’ – the globally systemic way of putting nature to work in the service of capitalism. Set in natural environments marked by human influence, the pastoral is a mode that can register economic relations with their ecological dimensions. In Martineau’s Homes Abroad and Cinnamon and Pearls – tales in Illustrations of Political Economy – and Gaskell’s Mary Barton, the pastoral aestheticizes the role that natural environments play in the development of capitalism. Homes Abroad presents peaceful agrarian life in Van Diemen’s Land as a lucrative enterprise in accord with modernization. Turning to Ceylon, Cinnamon and Pearls imagines an organic capitalism in which the celebration of plant life goes hand in hand with emergent property borders. In Mary Barton, the final pastoral setting in Canada is home to peace and progress. The felled trees in that setting signal the appropriation of nature for profit in the timber trade. These works of fiction capture the accumulation of capital in rural and suburban areas, which was historically key to the emergence of capitalism. The pastoral’s ability to depict the capitalist world ecology reflects a preoccupation with historical forces that is already present in the mode’s roots in antiquity.