Browsing by Subject "Asymmetric Information"

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Open Access
Agency costs in an emerging market : investigating business groups
(2017-09) Bakıcıol, Tamer
Positive abnormal returns around loan announcements imply that banks have unique expertise in information production about borrowers. I study abnormal returns around loans that Turkish listed firms secure from international markets between 2003 and 2016 two investigate two research questions. Do listed firms controlled by business groups have higher agency costs when compared to stand-alone firms? Does control through pyramid ownership structures increase agency costs of business group listed firms? I hypothesize that controlled for other factors, abnormal returns around loan announcements measure agency costs associated with borrowers because new information provided by bank loans lead to the higher revaluation for business group firms that bear agency costs. I provide evidence that when business group firms are positioned within pyramid ownership structures they realize higher abnormal returns when benchmarked against stand-alone firms and business group firms that are not positioned within pyramids. Therefore, my results indicate market perception towards pyramid ownership structures in increasing tunneling incentives within business groups.
Open Access
Financial liberalization and the real economy: the Turkish experience
(1996) Yülek, Murat Ali
In this dissertation, the effects o f financial liberalization in Turkey are investigated on three aspects. Firstly, the effects o f liberalization on the macroeconomic variables o f aggregate saving, investment, growth, bank deposits, bank credits and securities issues and portfolios are discussed. It was found that after the liberalization the difference between private saving and investment increased. On the other hand the same difference for the public sector became highly negative. In other words the public sector increasingly resorted to the private sector to cover its deficit. The share o f non-service sector investments (manufacturing, agriculture and mining) in total private investments decreased considerably after liberalization. The growth performance o f the economy after liberalization compares negatively with that before the liberalization. Financial deepening increased after liberalization. Bank deposits increased rapidly but the increase in credits were limited. The main reason was a rapid increase in bank and non-bank holdings o f government securities. We focus next on the probable efficiency effects o f liberalization. Employing a fixedeffect model we compared the efficiency o f manufacturing firms in eight industries before and after the liberalization. We use these findings to see whether efficiency became a more important factor in the access to bank credit after the liberalization. The results indicate that there has been an increase in the mean efficiency and the importance o f efficiency as a determinant o f access to bank credit after liberalization. However, factors like size and location continued to play a major role in access to bank credit well after the liberalization. Finally, we present evidence through a second fixed effect model and a sample selection model that after the liberalization efficiency led to increased access to bank credit but the opposite link was much less strong. Finally, we investigate the financial behavior o f manufacturing firms quoted at the Istanbul Stock Exchange during “normal” times and during crisis. We present evidence that firms are financially constrained. Using interactive variables in ordinary least square estimations we argue that financial constraints on firms that are informationally closer to banks are less stringent. On the other hand, we found that during 1994 financial crisis the constraints became more stringent. However, again, this phenomenon was not homogenous across different firm categories. Finally, the findings point out to a substantial restructuring during the crisis. The terms o f restructuring varied across firm categories. We present evidence that firms with closer informational ties to banks had better conditions o f restructuring.