Browsing by Subject "Armenia"
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Item Open Access Among the so-called "mushroom knob joint" of the Anatolian early bronze age-Ceremonial unit between Halysbogen and Cubans(2006) Zimmermann, ThomasThe following contribution focuses upon a group of metal objects of idiosyncratic form, which are known from the Early Bronze Age in Anatolia (3rd millennium BC). These so-called Pilzknaufkeulen or maces with knobbed heads possess a tubular or spherical body which has several rotund or rounded-conical protuberances. Also found in miniature form on jewellery and ceremonial items, the objects likely had a primarily representative or aggrandising function for the bearer, but without were not used as a striking weapon in battle. A glance at pertinent archaeological inventories from the Caucasus shows that earlier forerunners made of stone were as common as later metal Buckelkeule or knobbed maces made of metal. This observation serves as the basis for the renewed discussion of Eurasian and Anatolian interactions during the 4th to 2nd millennia BC.Item Open Access Dynamics of the alliance between Turkey and USA : the South Caucasus case(Bilkent University, 2003) Ayhan, Halil SıddıkWith the collapse of the Soviet Union, the South Caucasus presented several opportunities and challenges in the political, economic and military domains to the US as the unique superpower of the world, and to Turkey as a regional power. Though there occurred several crises in the Turkish-American alliance from its outset, both states whose interests converged; encouraging the development of democratic pro-Western regimes and free-market economy, hindering ethnic conflicts, expanding NATO’s membership, blocking monopolization of oil export routes in the Caucasus, securing oil reserves in the Caspian, preventing the rebuilding of the Russian Empire and falling the newly independent states of the South Caucasus from falling into the hegemony of Russia and Iran, keeping Iran’s fundamentalist regime in check, and pursuing active politics in the South Caucasus as a duty for the sake of their own global and regional interests. But, there had been also differences in the allies’ politics as in the NagornoKarabakh conflict. However, the South Caucasian states, including Azerbaijan, Armenia and Georgia faced enormous difficulties in enhancing their national security, implementing the process of state building and improving their economic situation after the dissolution of the Soviet Union and therefore, independence for these states did not initially provide political stability. Internal conflicts, and Russia’s imperialist policies undermined these states’ efforts in order to be strong and independent states, and they could not cope with the challenges of the new geopolitical and economic environment due to the lack of their own military power, and strong economy. Thereupon, these states’ first years of independence have been fraught with economic, political, and social difficulties. But the vigorous efforts of the US and Turkey prevented the South Caucasian states from falling into Russian hegemony and accelerated state-building process of these countries as examined in this studyItem Open Access The limits of zero problem policy in the Kaucasus: the impasse in Turkish-Armenian relations(Uluslararası Stratejik Araştırmalar Kurumu, 2010) Özertem, Selim HasanTurkish foreign policy has been in a transformation process since the end of the Cold War. However, each transformation period comes with new crisis and advantages that should be assessed carefully. Turkey has been trying tackle with these newly emerged challenges by pursuing a proactive foreign policy since the end of 1990s. In this framework, zero problem policy, which was introduced by Ahmet Davutoglu, has been effective to overcome certain problems with its neighbours and create a better environment to stimulate partnership in the Eurasian region. Yet, this policy seems to be not functioning properly in Turco-Armenian relations due to its complex characteristics that is directly related both with internal and external policies of these countries. In this paper, the relations, which have entered into a new phase with football diplomacy, will be examined in a critical manner to understand the current impasse in the relations between Turkey and Armenia. It is argued that the relations are in impasse due to domestic and international dynamics that affect the politics in Armenia and Turkey and there is a need for paradigm shift for a new phase to begin.Item Open Access Soviet Transcaucasus 1917-1945 : nations in transition(Bilkent University, 2013) Aksoy, DidemThis thesis analyzes the nationalities policy of the Soviet Union with a special emphasis on three major Transcaucasian nationalities, i.e. Georgians, Azerbaijanis and Armenians. The thesis focuses on the Soviet nationalities policy and attempts to shed light on the history of these three Transcaucasian nationalities within the context of this policy. Soviet nationalities policy, even if disparately applied for any nationality under the Soviet rule, resulted in significant consequences for all the nationalities of the Union. Within this framework, this study aims to explain both idiosyncratic and alike evolutions of Georgians, Azerbaijanis and Armenians, at the same time, under the Soviet rule. Finally, it argues that Soviet policies, specifically the nationalities policy, played the major role in the transformation of Transcaucasian nationalities and determined the current dynamics of the region