Browsing by Subject "Aleppo"

Now showing 1 - 3 of 3

Open Access
Jihad in a context of shifting alliances and enmities : study on the relations of the early Artukids and crusaders as reflected in contemporary Muslim and Christian historiography, 1098-1124
(2013) Tezcan, Selim
This thesis is a study of the relations of the early Artukids with the Crusaders, with the aim of seeing how they fit into the general context of the reaction of the Muslim world to the Frankish presence in the Middle East. On the one hand, it reveals that emirs like Ilghazi played a kind of diplomatic chess game and allied with whoever was necessary to preserve their possessions and interests, without regard for their religion. On the other hand, it argues that the Artukids may stil have seen their warfare as jihad whenever they happened to clash with the Franks for these strictly practical and strategic aims. It aims to historicise the jihad concept within the early twelfth century, inquiring what jihad might have meant for the early Artukids and other contemporary emirs, and compare this with the approach of later leaders like Nur al-Din and Saladin. Finally, the study examines what advantages and disadvantages were brought to the Artukids by their contiguity with the Franks, by their conflicts with them on their own behalf as well as by their collaborations. The method followed throughout is to compare the close-readings of related pieces of source text, rather than solely individual pieces of evidence, and in doing so always to consider the standpoint of the source or even the group of sources from which the examined text issues. An approximate reconstruction of the course of events is then allowed to emerge from such a procedure of close-reading and comparison.
Open Access
Mustafa Kemal'in Mondros Mütarekesi'ne tepkisi
(Türk İnkılap Tarihi Enstitüsü, 2010) Kemal, Cemal
7.Ordu Komutanı Mustafa Kemal Paşa, 26 Ekim 1918’de Halep kuzeyinde İngiliz ve Arap Ordularının taarruzunu durdurmayı başarmıştır. Ancak, İttifak Devletleri (Bulgaristan, Avusturya-Macaristan-Almanya)’nin mağlup olmalarına paralel olarak, İtilaf Devletleri adına İngiltere tarafından Suriye ve Irak Cepheleri’nden Anadolu’nun yumuşak karnı tehdit altında kalınca, Osmanlı Devleti 30 Ekim 1918’de Mondros Mütarekesi’ni imzalamak zorunda kalmıştır Mustafa Kemal Paşa, Mondros Mütarekesi’ nin sorumluluk bölgesindeki şartlarına şiddetle tepki göstermiş, ancak, Sadrazam Ahmet İzzet Paşa, Filistin Cephesi’nde komuta ettiği 7.Ordu ile Alman Mareşali Liman Von Sanders’ten teslim aldığı Yıldırım Ordular Grubunu lağvetmiş, kendisini de İstanbul’a çağırmıştır. Mustafa Kemal Paşa, Milli Mücadele’yi başlatmak üzere Samsun’a çıkışından itibaren, takip ettiği güzergâhını, kadrosunu, ordusunu ve askeri stratejisini büyük ölçüde Çanakkale, Kafkasya ve Filistin Cepheleri’nde kazanmış olduğu bilgi, beceri ve tecrübeye dayandırarak hedefine ulaştırmayı başarmıştır.
Open Access
Realpolitik and jihad: Najm al-Din Ilghazi's relations with the early crusader states
(Ahmet Yesevi University, 2014) Tezcan, Selim
This study evaluates the policies of the Artukid emir of Mardin and Aleppo, Najm al-Dīn Ilghāzī, against the Crusader states. In the literature, Ilghāzī is commonly regarded as an emir who won a victory against the Franks of Antioch, but then wasted the golden opportunity to take it for lack of vision. On the other hand, on account of this policy that was directed at preserving his interests and included collaborating with Franks, it is rejected that his clashes with them could be regarded as jihād. This study first shows that the emir's strategies were consistent and directed at certain practical aims from the start, and that his "failure" to attempt taking Antioch stemmed from a judicious strategy. The second part argues that although Ilghāzī thus applied a pragmatic policy and sometimes collaborated with the Franks, this did not necessarily prevent him from regarding his clashes with them as jihād.