Browsing by Subject "Agriculture--Economic aspects--Turkey--History."

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Open Access
Ottoman state intervention in agriculture: beginning of credit banking within the nineteenth century Ottoman Empire
(1997) Emiralioğlu, Mevhibe Pınar
This thesis is a study on the importance of the Credit Funds for the agricultural life of the Ottoman Empire in the second half of the nineteenth century. In this context, special importance is given to the bureaucratic and financial efforts of the government and its ministries at spreading the Funds all over the empire. It is argued that the Sublime Porte while bureaucratizing the Funds and increasing and stabilizing the Funds’ capital aimed the prevention of the rise of notables. However the efforts of the government were resulted with the increase of the abuses of Funds by notables, government officials, and tax payers. The aim of this thesis is to display the contribution of the Funds to the agricultural life of the Ottoman Empire. Despite the fact that they disappeared from the agricultural scene of the empire in 1888, the Credit Funds worked for the solution of credit problems of the cultivators and the promotion of the infrastructure of many provinces.
Open Access
Reflections of the çift-hane system in medieval Bosnia and Serbia
(1997) Norman, York
The main argument of this thesis is to examine the historical continuity of the çift-hane, the one family peasant farm unit that Professor Halil İnalcık has discovered to be the most basic unit of the rural Ottoman Ottoman social and economic structure. After a review of inalcik's definitions and theory, this thesis will then attempt to investigate the historical predecessors of this system in two Balkan nations within the empire, Serbia /' and Bosnia. As a starting point the influential work of Giro Truhelka will be considered, who writing early this century created several enduring myths about the agrarian economic structure in these two lands. Later in the Serbian case, by utilizing several important recent studies performed by Georgije Ostrogorski and Dusanka Bojanic, we come to the conclusion that there was in fact a çift-hane like regime in place before the conquest, namely during the rule of the Serbian emperor Stefan Dusan. It came as the result of central rule and the colonizing influence of Byzantium. However, in Bosnia no similar predecessor is found. Being outside of the empire of Stefan Dusan, Bosnia never was put under strong central rule, nor was it greatly influenced by Byzantium. Only under the Ottomans was a çift-hane like system imposed. The fact that it was accomplished does point to a functional continuity continued in this case however. The çift-hane remained a method of rural colonization.