Browsing by Subject "Afghanistan"
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Item Open Access The effectiveness of international regimes in states with low internal capacity : a study of international refugee regime in Afghanistan, Iraq and Sudan(Bilkent University, 2013) Güler, ArzuNearly one out of the six states in the world is regarded with low internal capacity by the Failed State Index 2012. However, having a priori assumption on states’ internal capacity to take decisions and implement them within their own states, scholarly attention has been given to the factors that shape states’ behaviors towards international regimes, mainly discussing under what conditions states will comply with them. Thus, the literature on international regimes neglected to study the effectiveness of international regimes in the states with low internal capacity. This dissertation deals with the research question of how the presence of states with low internal capacity creates implications for the effectiveness of iv international regimes and how regimes’ institutions can operate in such states to increase regime effectiveness. I examine this research question through quantitative and qualitative analyses and with a specific reference to the 4Rs activities of the international refugee regime in three refugee producing countries, namely Afghanistan, Iraq and Sudan. I argue that international refugee regime was not effective in these countries and I propose six tentative principles to UNHCR and its implementing partners to increase the effectiveness of international refugee regime in refugee producing countries with low internal capacity: providing civilian security, overcoming socio-cultural and religious conservatism, increasing government capacity and willingness to cooperate with international community, building trust among local people towards international community and increasing their support for regime activities.Item Open Access International security assistance force : with special reference to Turkey's leadership(Bilkent University, 2004) Ateş, R. DenizThis thesis describes and explains the International Security Assistance Force (ISAF) with special reference to Turkey’s leadership. The significance of Turkey’s leadership, organization and activities of ISAF will be explained alongside the events led to the establishment of ISAF, its history, mission, and competences. After the U.S.-led multinational operation defeated the Taliban regime and damaged Al Qaeda heavily, the maintenance of security and the reconstruction of Afghanistan were vital in order to prevent revitalization of the broken link between Afghanistan and international terrorism. As a part of the UN state-building activities in Afghanistan, to assist the Afghan authorities in the maintenance of security in Kabul and surrounding areas, the UN Security Council authorized ISAF, initially led by Great Britain. After September 11, Turkey emerged as one of the leading actors in the fight against terrorism and she, being a country that suffered from terrorism for years, supported fully all the counter-terrorism activities. Turkey actively participated in ISAF, and when the British mandate was over, she took over the command of ISAF. Turkey was a perfect choice to lead ISAF since she had an Islamic population with a secular and democratic government and was one of the few countries whose forces were capable of coping with this kind of mission. By assuming the command of ISAF, Turkey has demonstrated her determination to fight against terrorism once more. During her leadership, ISAF operated efficiently and the stability and security in Kabul and surrounding areas improved gradually.Item Open Access NATO's transformation(Forsnet, 2014) Karaosmanoğlu, A. L.Upon the fall of the Berlin Wall and demise of the Soviet Union, NATO has made efforts to adapt itself to the transformation of the international system. Although its endeavour has been hard and problematic NATO has had a record of considerable achievements. However, the question whether the Atlantic Alliance would manage to survive has so far excited the interest of many publicists. Instead of venturing in predictions, this article intends to contribute to an ongoing discussion on the future of the Alliance by interpreting the structural change and actors' concerns and actions. It attempts to clarify the limits of the allied political will that is required for a sustainable process of adaptation. In the context of the Afghan experience, it also deals with NATO's comprehensive military doctrine.Item Open Access Soviet-Afghan war : the factors beneath the invasion(Bilkent University, 2013) Aydıntan, Mehmet Ali EmirThis thesis claims that there are other factors, apart from the Soviet aggression, which are equally important in clarifying the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan. Despite the fact that the idea that the Soviet Union would be pleased to see a client regime in her neighbors is embraced, more arguments are needed to be discussed to explain such a large scale invasion. Soviet Union and Afghanistan had developed sincere affairs since 1950s when the Soviet investments began to reach a substantial level. Well then, how this good relation deteriorated and finally resulted in an armed struggle? In fact, the Soviet efforts to build a socialist regime in Afghanistan bore fruit in 1978; nevertheless only in one year, the USSR invaded a country which put a red star in its banner and never posed a threat to the Soviet lands. Kremlin might have considered Afghanistan was a piece of cake comparing to its former military actions but the results were beyond the Soviet expectations.Item Open Access Transformation of NATO in the face of transnational terrorism(Bilkent University, 2009) Bulduk, SebahatTransnational terrorism with special reference to the September 11 attacks in 2001 on the territory of the United States has significant impacts on NATO’s approach to terrorism at rhetorical, practical and institutional levels. This thesis describes and explains the role of transnational terrorism on NATO’s transformation process, which intensified with the end of Cold War era. The Alliance’s 1991 and 1999 Strategic Concepts already defined terrorism as one of the risks to the Allies’ security. However, NATO began to actively engage in fighting against terrorism after the September 11 attacks. Just after 9/11, NATO for the first time in its history invoked Article 5, which is the collective defense clause of the Washington Treaty. Particularly, the Prague Summit held in 2002 has been catalyst for the transformation of Alliance into an organization that is more adaptive to the new security environment where the threats are less likely to be state-centric. In the assessment, until September 11, 2001, terrorism did not have a priority on the NATO’s agenda. Then, after the dramatic assaults, almost every step in the Alliance has been taken in the name of fighting against terrorism. The creation of the NATO Response Force, Terrorist Threat Intelligence Unit and further a new “Allied Command Transformation” are several examples in this regard. Basically, 9/11 demonstrated that transnational terrorism constitutes a very serious threat even for a super power, nobody is immune from terrorism and the approach to terrorism as a domestic threat is no longer applicable.Item Restricted TRT'nin ilk kameramanı: Ahmet Tansel(Bilkent University, 2018) Aydoğdu, Elif; Alparslan, Yaren; Cengiz, Zeynep; Ekici, Can; Yılmaz, Yağmur1 Mayıs 1964 yılında kurulan Türkiye Radyo Televizyon Kurumu, kurulduğu günden itibaren ülkemizin basın, yayın ve haber anlamında en güçlü kuruluşu olmayı başarmıştır. Yıllar içerisinde karşılaştığı sayısız zorluklara rağmen yayın hayatına devam etmeyi başarmış olan TRT, ülkemizdeki haberciliğin gelişiminde de çok aktif rol oynamıştır. Bu çalışma temel olarak 1965 yılında memur olarak TRT’de işe başlayan Ahmet Tansel’in hayatını, kameramanlığa başlama sürecini ve meslek hayatındaki anılarını inceleyecektir. Ayrıca Ahmet Tansel’in meslek hayatına yön vermeyi başarmış belli başlı yurtdışı gezileri de bu ödevin içeriğine dâhil edilmiştir.Item Open Access Uluslararası mülteci rejimi: Afganistan örneği üzerinden bir rejim etkinliği analizi(International Relations Council of Turkey (UİK), 2013) Güler, ArzuUluslararası mülteci rejimi, 1990’ların başından itibaren gönüllü geri dönüşü en çok tercih edilen kalıcı çözüm olarak benimsemiş ve 2002 yılından itibaren de, 4R programı kapsamında menşe ülkedeki faaliyetlerini arttırarak, bu dönüşlerin sürdürülebilir olmasını sağlamayı amaçlamıştır. Rejimin uyguladığı bu “çözüm” stratejisi, literatürde olumlu ve olumsuz çeşitli yorumlarla değerlendirilse de, rejimin bu stratejideki başarısı analitik olarak incelenmemiştir. Bu çalışma rejim etkinliğini, 2002–2010 yılları arasında Afganistan’a yapılan toplu dönüşleri, gönüllülük esası ve sürdürülebilirlik bakımından inceleyerek sorgulamaktadır. Analiz, uluslararası mülteci rejiminin Afganistan örneğinde etkin olmadığı sonucuna ulaşmakta ve daha etkin bir mülteci rejimi için devletlerarası işbirliğinin ortak çıkar yerine ortak insani bilinç temelli olarak tanımlanmasını önermektedir.