Browsing by Subject "Adolescence"

Now showing 1 - 10 of 10

Open Access
Adolescent risk-taking as a function of prenatal cocaine exposure and biological sex
(Elsevier Inc., 2014) Allen, J. W. P.; Bennett, D. S.; Carmody, D. P.; Wang Y.; Lewis, M.
Objective: To examine the effects of prenatal cocaine exposure and biological sex on adolescent risk-taking while controlling for early environmental risk. Methods: Adolescents (n. = 114, mean age. = 16) were grouped according to high and low risk-taking propensity as measured by the Balloon Analogue Risk Task (BART). Prenatal cocaine exposure was assessed at birth, while environmental risk was assessed at three points during early childhood. Results: A binary regression analysis indicated that males were 3.5 times more likely than females to be high risk-takers. Biological sex and prenatal cocaine exposure interacted such that exposed males were most likely to be high risk-takers while exposed females were the least likely to be high risk-takers. This pattern held after controlling for prenatal alcohol exposure and early environmental risk. Early environmental risk did not predict adolescent risk-taking. Conclusions: These findings complement and extend earlier research demonstrating that prenatal cocaine exposure interacts with biological sex in domains related to inhibitory control, emotion regulation, antisocial behavior, and health risk behaviors during preadolescence.
Open Access
Adolescents’ expectations for types of victim retaliation following direct bullying
(Springer, 2022-11-23) Marlow, C.; Gönültaş, Seçil; Mulvey, K. L.
Little is known about adolescents’ expectations around how victims of bullying might retaliate following victimization. These expectations are important as they may inform adolescent’s own behaviors, particularly intervention behaviors, in regard to bullying and potential retaliation. This study investigated adolescents’ retaliation expectations and expected bystander reactions to retaliation following physical and social bullying. Participants included 6th grade (N = 450, Mage = 11.73 years, SD = 0.84) and 9th grade (N = 446, Mage = 14.82 years) adolescents (50.2% female, 63.3% European American, 22.9% African American, 3.9% Latino/a, 7% Multiracial, 2.9% Other) from middle-to-low-income U.S. public schools. Participants responded to open-ended prompts about victim responses to bullying, rating retaliation acceptability, and likelihood of engaging in bystander behaviors. ANOVAs were conducted to examine differences in retaliation expectation by type of aggression. Further, linear regressions were used to explore what factors were related to participants’ expectations regarding bystander intervention. Participants expected victims to retaliate by causing harm and expected the type of retaliation to match the type of bullying. Younger participants were more specific and males were more likely to expect physical harm than females. Finally, acceptability of retaliation predicted bystander interventions. Adolescents expect aggressive retaliation suggesting that intervention might focus on teaching them ways to respond when they are bullied or observe bullying.
Open Access
Begin-of-school-year perceived autonomy-support and structure as predictors of end-of-school-year study efforts and procrastination: the mediating role of autonomous and controlled motivation
(Routledge, 2018) Mouratidis, A.; Michou, A.; Aelterman, N.; Haerens, L.; Vansteenkiste, M.
In this prospective study, we recruited a sample of Belgian adolescents (N = 886) to investigate to what extent perceived teachers’ motivating style relates to quality of motivation in the beginning of the school year and, in turn, changes in study effort and procrastination by the end of the school year. After controlling for initial levels of study effort and procrastination and for a shared variance due to classroom membership, we found, through path analysis, perceived autonomy support and structure to relate positively to autonomous motivation, which in turn predicted increased study effort and decreased procrastination at the end of the school year. The findings are discussed from a theoretical and practical standpoint.
Open Access
Correlates of psychotic like experiences (PLEs) during Pandemic: An online study investigating a possible link between the SARS-CoV-2 infection and PLEs among adolescents
(Elsevier B.V., 2022-01-05) Yilmaz Kafali, Helin; Turan, Serkan; Akpınar, Serap; Mutlu, Müge; Özkaya Parlakay, Aslınur; Çöp, Esra; Toulopoulou, Timothea
Background This study investigated whether SARS-CoV-2 infection, depression, anxiety, sleep problems, cigarette, alcohol, drug usage contribute to psychotic-like experiences (PLEs) among adolescents during the pandemic. We also aimed to explore whether baseline inflammatory markers or the number of SARS-CoV-2-related symptoms are associated with PLEs, and the latter is mediated by internalizing symptoms. Methods Altogether, 684 adolescents aged 12–18 (SARS-CoV-2 group n = 361, control group (CG) n = 323) were recruited. The Community Assessment of Psychic Experiences-42-Positive Dimension (CAPE-Pos), Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9), Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7), and Pittsburg Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) questionnaires were completed by all volunteers using an online survey. C-reactive Protein and hemogram values, and SARS-CoV-2-related symptoms during the acute infection period were recorded in the SARS-CoV-2 group. Group comparisons, correlations, logistic regression, and bootstrapped mediation analyses were performed. Results CAPE-Pos-Frequency/Stress scores were significantly higher, whereas GAD-7-Total and PSQI-Total scores were significantly lower in SARS-CoV-2 than CG. Among the SARS-CoV-2 group, monocyte count and the number of SARS-CoV-2-symptoms were positively correlated with CAPE-Pos-Frequency/Stress scores. Besides SARS-CoV-2, cigarette use, GAD-7, and PHQ-9 scores significantly contributed to the presence of at least one CAPE-Pos “often” or “almost always”. PHQ-9 and GAD-7 fully mediated the relationship between the number of SARS-CoV-2 symptoms and CAPE-Pos-Frequency. Conclusions This study is the first to show a possible relationship between SARS-CoV-2 infection and PLEs among adolescents. Depression, anxiety, and cigarette use also contributed to PLEs. The number of SARS-Cov-2-symptoms and PLEs association was fully mediated by internalizing symptoms, but prospective studies will need to confirm this result.
Open Access
Different goals, different pathways to success: Performance-approach goals as direct and mastery-approach goals as indirect predictors of grades in mathematics
(Elsevier, 2018) Mouratidis, A.; Michou, Aikaterini; Demircioğlu, A. N.; Sayıl, M.
In this study, we aimed to investigate the different routes through which perceived goal structures, and in turn mastery-approach and performance-approach goals in mathematics, predict subsequent academic performance. Path analyses with a sample of Turkish adolescents (N = 369; 49.1% males; Mage = 16.67 years, SD = 1.85) revealed two distinct paths. After controlling for mid-year grades, we found perceived mastery goal structures to relate (positively) to mastery-approach goals, which in turn positively predicted end-year grades through challenge seeking. In contrast, perceived performance goal structures related positively to both performance-approach and performance-avoidance goals with the former directly predicting higher end-year grades, and the latter being related negatively to challenge seeking. These findings imply that there may exist different paths that can predict academic performance.
Open Access
Dynamic alternative splicing events in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex during adolescence-young adulthood period and implications for schizophrenia
(2020-11) Çelikbaş, Kübra
Alternative splicing (AS) or differential exon usage (DEU) is a regular process after gene expression and it contributes to the diversity of the genome by generating multiple protein isoforms. According to recent studies, the majority (92-94%) of all human multi-exon genes undergo AS and the brain, especially the neocortex, has the highest number of AS events compared to other tissues. While contributing to the complexity of the brain, AS may lead to neuropsychiatric disorders such as schizophrenia or autism if dysregulated. Adolescence and young adulthood (AYA) period which nearly covers age range between 15 to 24 years old, is known to be a critical time to develop several neuropsychiatric disorders including schizophrenia and depression. Therefore, it is important to know developmental changes in AS events that occur in healthy brains in order to understand what is disrupted in a diseased brain. Although there are many studies investigating the possible roles of AS in the function of specific neuron types and during neurogenesis, there are only a few studies investigating AS changes in the human brain during different developmental periods. Therefore, in this study we first compared DEU that occur in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) of psychologically healthy individuals during AYA period to other developmental periods: infancy, early childhood, middle and late childhood, young adulthood, middle adulthood, and late adulthood. Additionally we compared DEU that occur in the DLPFC of schizophrenia patients to psychologically healthy individuals. Then we found exons that show both developmental and schizophrenia related DEU changes. Our results revealed 4 exons that belong to 3 different genes: AKAP7, BAIAP3 and SEMA3B. If further investigated, these exons can help us better understand the pathophysiology of schizophrenia and be possible early markers of the disease.
Open Access
Positive youth development in Turkey: a critical review of research on the social and emotional learning needs of Turkish adolescents, 2000-2012
(Routledge, 2015) Martin, R. A.; Alacaci, C.
This paper presents a critical and systematic review of 52 articles published from 2000 to 2012 about research conducted in Turkey concerning adolescents’ social and emotional learning needs. In correspondence with international research, articles were examined across three categories in which adolescent needs could be addressed by educational programmes. The categories examined were attitudes toward self and others, positive social behaviours, and social skills. In conclusion, we summarise several trends along with gaps that researchers need to address to derive stronger implications for policy-making and for curriculum development that links more directly with social and emotional learning in Turkey.
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Prof. Dr. Çiğdem Kağıtçıbaşı'nın hayatı ve çalışmaları
(Bilkent University, 2019) Günaydın, Oğulcan; Doğan, Gölçe; Kara, Handenur; Can, Kemal; Gür, Elif
Sosyal psikoloji ve sosyoloji bir toplumun gelişmesinde ve gelişmiş bir şekilde kalmaya devam edebilmesinde büyük bir yer kaplamaktadır. Çiğdem Kağıtçıbaşı, Türkiye’nin ilk sosyal psikologlarından biridir. Sosyal psikoloji ve sosyoloji alanın yaptığı bilimsel çalışmaların ışığında kapsamlı ve uzun deneyler yürütmüş ve bunların sonuçlarını Türk Halkına yararlı olacak şekilde uygulamalara dökmüştür. AÇEV ve TÜBA gibi önemli kuruluşların kurulmasında öncü olmuştur. Bu çalışmada Çiğdem Kağıtçıbaşı’nın kişisel, eğitim ve çalışma hayatlarından, akademik çalışmalarından ve bunları nasıl uygulamaya çevirip Türkiye’ye katkıda bulunduğundan bahsedilmiştir.
Open Access
Toward a better understanding of the reciprocal relations between adolescent psychological need experiences and sleep
(SAGE Publications, 2020) Campbell, R.; Vansteenkiste, M.; Soenens, B.; Vandenkerckhove, B.; Mouratidis, Athanasios
In two diary studies, we examined the reciprocal daily association between the satisfaction and frustration of adolescents’ basic psychological needs and sleep, and the role of stress and fatigue in these associations. In Study 1 (N = 211; 52% female; Mage = 15.86 years, SD = 1.18 years), daily need experiences were unrelated to daily fluctuations in subjective sleep outcomes. However, shorter daily sleep quantity was related to higher daily fatigue, which in turn related to more daily need frustration and less need satisfaction. Study 2 (N = 51; 49% female; Mage = 15.88 years, SD = 2.88 years) extended these findings by demonstrating that daily need frustration related to shorter objective sleep quantity and longer wake after sleep onset, indirectly through higher symptoms of stress. Poor sleep quality also related to worse need experiences via higher daily fatigue. These findings underscore the dynamic interplay between daily need experiences and adolescent sleep.
Open Access
Youth in crisis: an Eriksonian interpretation of adolescent identity in "Franny"
(Children's Research Center, 2008) Bezci, Şenol
The purpose of this paper is to discuss Jerome David Salinger’s short story "Franny" from an Eriksonian point of view. Erik Erikson, still a major figure in the study of personality development, pays substantial importance to adolescence since it is the main period of identity formation, which some adolescent find difficult to go through. Adolescents that cannot develop fidelity to their society end up having either fanaticism or repudiation as it has been illustrated thorough Salinger’s main characters in “Franny”. Contrary to the general perception of Salinger critics, Franny is not an adolescent to look up to when approached with Erikson’s theories on adolescence and identity formation.