Browsing by Subject "Adab"

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Open Access
Comparison of the motif of lovers “falling in love for the first time” in the 'Işkname Farruh u Hümâ and in romances of İran
(2016-06) Taghizadehzonuz, Robabeh
Taking the fourteenth-century Ottoman romance(Mathnawî) 'ışkname (Ferruh u Hümâ) as its point of departure, this study offers a comparison of the motifs used in the narration of love, the main theme of romances, in the fourteenthcentury Ottoman 'ışkname/ Ferruh u Hümâ and in the other contemporary romances of Süheyl ü Nevbahâr and Hurşîd ü Ferahşâd. It goes on to compare the plotline and motif structure of these romances with Vîs u Râmin, one of the oldest surviving romances of Persian Literature, and with Hüsrev ü Şîrîn by Nizâmî, the foremost romance writer of Persian literature. The comparisons between the said romances are dealt with in the context of adab literature to ascertain the idea underlying the similarity between these motifs. Dealing also with differing motifs, the study reveals those perspectives in Iranian-Ottoman cultures and literatures that make these romances unique. Centered around the adventures of a princely upbringing, these romances, presented in the form of amorous tales, are multifaceted works of literature which served the ruling elite and literature of their time by preserving a shared courtly tradition and a tradition of princely upbringing in a most artful language.
Open Access
Conveyor of adab, the power of 'ilm: the legitimacy of poetry in the mukaddime of meşâirü'ş-şu'arâ
(2016-06) Ekiz, Ahmet Barış
Focusing on the introduction (mukaddime) of Meşâirü'ş-Şu'arâ, a biographical dictionary written by Aşık Çelebi, this thesis deals with the text‘s description and discussion of the legitimacy of poetry with reference to the conception of adab. Firstly, in order to interpret the theoretical framework given for poetry in the introduction, I summarized the historical contexts and the usage areas of adab. Among these contexts, I determined that the introduction puts forward the understanding of adab as a set of literary skills needed for religious scholarship, which was prevalent in 'the post-Sunni revival'. Interestingly, Âşık‘s introduction to his tezkire, whose form and content were determined according to this specific meaning of adab, differs from its Iranian and Ottoman predecessors in that it often refers to the 'ulema, recounting chronologically from the eponymous founders of Hanafi and Shafii schools to Ottoman Shaykh al-Islams. Additionally, I propose that by defining the role of poetry as an auxiliary tool to comprehend Quran, the introduction reflects a scholar-centered vision. Related to this, I try to interpret the relationship between poetry and Quran through the Quranic studies, which starting with al-Zamakhshari take rhetorics as a basis for approaching the holy text. By doing so, I aim to show how the key rhetorical concepts fesahat (clarity of expression) and belagat (eloquence) were able to connect the 'literary' and the 'religious'. Apart from promoting the harmony between şi'r (poetry) and şer'(Islamic law), one of the main intentions of the introduction is to demonstrate that poetry has not only a passive but also an active part in the practice of Islamic law. That the introduction has Ebussuud Efendi in its center as a model of scholar-litterateur type exemplifies this active role. By attributing Ebussuud‘s superiority over other Islamic scholars to his eloquence, the introduction reinforces its main message: On condition that poetry conveys adab, it provides a thorough (and thereby supreme) knowledge of religion. Finally, I offer an autobiographical reading in an attempt to explain the scholarcentered point of view reflected in the introduction. To support my arguments, I refer to Meşa'irü‟ş-Şuara as well as his poetry collection (Divan), especially the point in the introduction in which the author, Âşık Çelebi gets involved in the text as a pupil of Ebussuud to show that his master‘s eloquence seen in his fatwa was partly thanks to him. Moreover, by examining these autobiographical fragments which provide elements to establish the author‘s identity, I aim to show how the content of the introduction becomes in a way the author‘s 'natural legacy'.
Open Access
Making a cosmopolitan model in Rûm: Dâ’î and 15th century Ottoman textual culture
(2017-09) Sucu, Cevat
In this study, the texts written by the 15th century court-poet Dâ’î, his literary identity and his audience are examined within the scope of vernacularization and the concept of edeb. Therefore, it is accepted that the formation of Ottoman literature was tightly related to the vernacularization of the literary and the scriptural models of the Islamic cosmopolite, and Dâ’î is asserted to have been an actor of this process. Dâ’î’s literaryintellectual- professional identities are investigated through historical explanations/narratives and the conceptualization of the Islamic cosmopolite. In this framework, the relationship between edeb and literary-intellectual-professional identities, and the transformations occurring in the literary life of the Islamic cosmopolite after 11th-12th centuries are underlined. It is attempted to lay emphasis on the influence of this process on the formation of the court-centered literature of Anatolian and Ottoman courts. The prose texts in the genres of exegesis, calendar, inşâ, medicine-hadith, glossary-grammar translated and composed by Dâ’î are discussed with respect to edeb related identities of the Islamic cosmopolite, which is “‘ulemâ-edib”, and the identity of the poet is involved into this discussion. In addition, it is demonstrated that literary-intellectual identities are quite important in this vernacularization process. Under the aforementioned discussion, it is revealed that the targeted audience of the court-poets of the Ottoman, specifically that of Dâ’î, was not madrasah itself. Their intellectual model corresponded to the intellectual model of the Islamic cosmopolite that was giving priority to the pedagogical aspects of edeb. Therefore, Dâ’î’s audience can be named as Turkish literate/reading communities. Dâ’î’s Turkish edeb reading community is investigated through Müfredât, Si-fasl and Teressül. The “beginners” in Turkish reading community can be regarded as the focus of this chapter.