Browsing by Subject "Acute toxicity"

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Open Access
Biocompatibility studies on lanthanum oxide nanoparticles
(Royal Society of Chemistry, 2015) Brabu, B.; Haribabu, S.; Revathy, M.; Anitha, S.; Thangapandiyan, M.; Navaneethakrishnan, K. R.; Gopalakrishnan, C.; Murugan, S. S.; Kumaravel, T. S.
Lanthanum oxide nanoparticles (LONP), a rare earth metal oxide, have unique properties that make them a suitable candidate for several biomedical applications. We investigated certain key in vitro and in vivo biocompatibility endpoints on LONP. LONP were cytotoxic in in vitro assays and predominantly exerted their action via release of reactive oxygen species. These nanoparticles were neither irritants nor sensitizers in a rabbit model. LONP extracts did not exert any acute systemic toxicity effects in mice. On the other hand LONP exerted toxicity to the liver following oral administration, suggesting that these particles are absorbed from the gastrointestinal (GI) tract and deposited in the hepatobiliary system. LONP did not induce any mutation in the Ames test both in the presence or absence of S-9. These observations provide a base line biocompatibility and toxicity data on LONP. The current findings will also be useful in defining standards for nanoparticle containing devices. © The Royal Society of Chemistry.
Open Access
Toxicity of lanthanum oxide (La2O3) nanoparticles in aquatic environments
(Royal Society of Chemistry, 2015) Balusamy, B.; Taştan, B. E.; Ergen, S. F.; Uyar, Tamer; Tekinay, T.
This study demonstrates the acute toxicity of lanthanum oxide nanoparticles (La2O3 NP) on two sentinel aquatic species, fresh-water microalgae Chlorella sp. and the crustacean Daphnia magna. The morphology, size and charge of the nanoparticles were systematically studied. The algal growth inhibition assay confirmed absence of toxic effects of La2O3 NP on Chlorella sp., even at higher concentration (1000 mg L-1) after 72 h exposure. Similarly, no significant toxic effects were observed on D. magna at concentrations of 250 mg L-1 or less, and considerable toxic effects were noted in higher concentrations (effective concentration [EC50] 500 mg L-1; lethal dose [LD50] 1000 mg L-1). In addition, attachment of La2O3 NP on aquatic species was demonstrated using microscopy analysis. This study proved to be beneficial in understanding acute toxicity in order to provide environmental protection as part of risk assessment strategies.