Browsing by Subject "AI"
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Item Open Access Back to (for) the future: AI and the dualism of persona and res in Roman law(Queen's University Belfast * School of Law, 2021-09-30) Deibel, TalyaThe development of AI brings many contemporary challenges which force law to face its roots. Legal relationships are materializing that takeus to Roman law –to when these relationships were not about machines and their masters, but about masters and slaves. Today’s search for accountability of the AI remains within the confines of the duality of persona and res, with its modern conception limited in comparison to the Roman law of slavery and its relation to dominica potestas, a key concept for the organization of Roman society. Our objective is not to identify what historical remedies might help us “solve” AI’s problems,but to examine how new developments impose the need to become reacquainted with the classical origins of law. Law and technology were already intertwined since antiquity and its concerns resurface as the core of our answers to contemporary philosophico-legal questions.Item Open Access An experimental study on speech interference in public leisure spaces(Institute of Noise Control Engineering, 2010) Yilmazer, Semiha; Gezginer, Pelin MeriçPhysical comfort requirements of users in the non-acoustical spaces, leisure space, and usability of the space in long-term period should be taken into consideration in terms of sustainability of the space. The aim of this study is to investigate the speech interference of users' in an openplaned public leisure space. Bilkent Rollhouse was chosen as a leisure space because of its variance of activities in an open-plan like bowling, dart, billiards, play station and dining area. In this respect, a questionnaire was prepared to check the perception of sound of different user types in the area. The questionnaires were applied at the most crowded day of the week that is Friday and in between 18:00 to 21:00. The results of the survey were evaluated statistically. In addition to this, the equivalent continuous noise level, Leq, of the leisure space were taken in parallel to the questionnaire application to the users. Measuring of speech intelligibility via articulation index (AI) subjectively was the second phase of this study. Via application of the word list to the normal hearing users, the AI contours were prepared. Finally, objective and subjective measurements were analyzed in terms of speech interference during leisure activity in the space. As a leisure space, the relation between noise annoyance ratings and Leq did not show any significant difference in dart, billiards and play stations activities. However, in bowling activity and dining area, it was found that there is a significant relation between noise annoyance and Leq. This study reveals that users submit ambient noise of the space during leisure activity, they get in a common behaviour psychologically, they adjust their vocal noise that they create and finally these issues lead controlling of ambient noise by them. It means that users give up loudly speaking, they accept repeating or silence, focus on meal and they do not like getting in uncomfortable situation since their main activity is dining. For further study, the number of the samples in not only different leisure spaces, but also measurement points and sampling times should be increased to make clear hypothesis given above, since the study reveals completely different behaviour that is introduced in literature like cocktail party effect phenomenon.Item Open Access A learning-based schedulıng system wıth continuous control and update structure(Bilkent University, 2005) Metan, GökhanIn today’s highly competitive business environment, the product varieties of firms tend to increase and the demand patterns of commodities change rapidly. Especially for high tech industries, the product life cycles become very short and the customer demand can change drastically due to the introduction of new technologies in the market (i.e., introduction by the competitors). These factors increase the need for more efficient scheduling strategies. In this thesis, a learning-based scheduling system for a classical job shop problem with the average tardiness objective is developed. The system learns on the manufacturing environment by constructing a learning tree and selects a dispatching rule from the tree for each scheduling period to schedule the operations. The system also utilizes the process control charts to monitor the performance of the learning tree and the tree as well as the control charts is updated when necessary. Therefore, the system adapts itself for the changes in the manufacturing environment and survives in time. Also, extensive simulation experiments are performed for the system parameters such as monitoring (MPL) and scheduling period lengths (SPL). Our results indicate that the system performance is significantly affected by the parameters (i.e., MPL and SPL). Moreover, simulation results show that the performance of the proposed system is considerably better than the simulation-based single-pass and multi-pass scheduling algorithms available in the literatureItem Open Access Moral mechanisms(Kluwer Academic Publishers, 2014) Davenport, D.As highly intelligent autonomous robots are gradually introduced into the home and workplace, ensuring public safety becomes extremely important. Given that such machines will learn from interactions with their environment, standard safety engineering methodologies may not be applicable. Instead, we need to ensure that the machines themselves know right from wrong; we need moral mechanisms. Morality, however, has traditionally been considered a defining characteristic, indeed the sole realm of human beings; that which separates us from animals. But if only humans can be moral, can we build safe robots? If computationalism - roughly the thesis that cognition, including human cognition, is fundamentally computational - is correct, then morality cannot be restricted to human beings (since equivalent cognitive systems can be implemented in any medium). On the other hand, perhaps there is something special about our biological makeup that gives rise to morality, and so computationalism is effectively falsified. This paper examines these issues by looking at the nature of morals and the influence of biology. It concludes that moral behaviour is concerned solely with social well-being, independent of the nature of the individual agents that comprise the group. While our biological makeup is the root of our concept of morals and clearly affects human moral reasoning, there is no basis for believing that it will restrict the development of artificial moral agents. The consequences of such sophisticated artificial mechanisms living alongside natural human ones are also explored.Item Open Access Yapay zekâ teknolojilerinin ortaya koyduğu buluşların patentlenebilirliği(Bilkent University, 2022-01) Bayındır, Anıl SenaKişilerin ücretsizce fotoğraf, yazı vb. paylaşımlar yaptığı sosyal medya hesaplarının neredeyse dünyanın her yerinde kullanılmasıyla veri eksikliğinin ortadan kalkması ve gelişen bilgi işlem gücüyle birlikte günümüzde artık makine öğrenmesi mümkün hâle gelmiştir. Bu durum, yapay zekânın hayatın her alanında kullanılmasını sağlayacak bir kapasiteye ulaşmasını mümkün kılmıştır. Bu sebeple, 21. yüzyılda hayatın neredeyse her alanında kendinden bahsettiren yapay zekânın sebep olacağı sosyal, ekonomik ve hukuki sonuçlara hazır olmak gerekmektedir. Yapay zekânın günümüzde belirsizliklere sebep olduğu bir alan da patent hukukudur. Buna bağlı olarak, bu çalışmanın birinci bölümünde yapay zekâ kavramı ve fikri mülkiyet hukukuyla ilişkisi üzerinde durulacaktır. İkinci bölümde ise buluşçu yapay zekânın mevcut patent hukuku düzenlerinde sebep olduğu sorunlar Türk, İngiliz ve Amerikan hukukları çerçevesinde ele alınacaktır. Nihayet üçüncü bölümde yaratıcı yapay zekânın ortaya koyduğu buluşlar, fikri mülkiyet hukukunun ekonomik analizi ve koruduğu değerler çerçevesinde değerlendirilecek ve söz konusu buluşların sebep olduğu belirsizliklere karşı benimsenecek politikalar avantajları ve dezavantajları ışığında tartışılacaktır.