Browsing by Author "Van Leeuwen, F."

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    Cross-cultural regularities in the cognitive architecture of pride
    (National Academy of Sciences, 2017) Sznycer, D.; Al-Shawaf, L.; Bereby-Meyer, Y.; Curry, O. S.; De Smet, D.; Ermer, E.; Kim, S.; Li, N. P.; Lopez Seal, M. F.; McClung, J.; O, Jiaqing; Ohtsubo, Y.; Quillien, T.; Schaub, M.; Sell, A.; Van Leeuwen, F.; Cosmides, L.; Tooby, J.
    Pride occurs in every known culture, appears early in development, is reliably triggered by achievements and formidability, and causes a characteristic display that is recognized everywhere. Here, we evaluate the theory that pride evolved to guide decisions relevant to pursuing actions that enhance valuation and respect for a person in the minds of others. By hypothesis, pride is a neurocomputational program tailored by selection to orchestrate cognition and behavior in the service of: (i) motivating the costeffective pursuit of courses of action that would increase others' valuations and respect of the individual, (ii) motivating the advertisement of acts or characteristics whose recognition by others would lead them to enhance their evaluations of the individual, and (iii) mobilizing the individual to take advantage of the resulting enhanced social landscape. To modulate how much to invest in actions that might lead to enhanced evaluations by others, the pride system must forecast the magnitude of the evaluations the action would evoke in the audience and calibrate its activation proportionally. We tested this prediction in 16 countries across 4 continents (n = 2,085), for 25 acts and traits. As predicted, the pride intensity for a given act or trait closely tracks the valuations of audiences, local (mean r = +0.82) and foreign (mean r = +0.75). This relationship is specific to pride and does not generalize to other positive emotions that coactivate with pride but lack its audience-recalibrating function.
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    Disgust sensitivity relates to attitudes toward gay men and lesbian women across 31 nations
    (Sage Publications Ltd., 2021-11-26) Van Leeuwen, F.; Inbar, Y.; Petersen, M. B.; Aarøe, L.; Barclay, P.; Barlow, F. K.; de Barra, M.; Becker, D. V.; Borovoi, L.; Choi, J.; Consedine, N. S.; Conway, J. R.; Conway, P.; Adoric, V. C.; Demirci, Dilara Ekin; Fernández, A. M.; Ferreira, D. C. S.; Ishii, K.; Jakšić, I.; Ji, T.; Jonaityte, I.; Lewis, D. M. G.; Li, N. P.; McIntyre, J. C.; Mukherjee, S.; Park, J. H.; Pawlowski, B.; Pizarro, D.; Prokop, P.; Prodromitis, G.; Rantala, M. J.; Reynolds, L. M.; Sandin, B.; Sevi, Barış; Srinivasan, N.; Tewari, S.; Yong, J. C.; Žeželj, I.; Tybur, J. M.
    Previous work has reported a relation between pathogen-avoidance motivations and prejudice toward various social groups, including gay men and lesbian women. It is currently unknown whether this association is present across cultures, or specific to North America. Analyses of survey data from adult heterosexuals (N = 11,200) from 31 countries showed a small relation between pathogen disgust sensitivity (an individual-difference measure of pathogen-avoidance motivations) and measures of antigay attitudes. Analyses also showed that pathogen disgust sensitivity relates not only to antipathy toward gay men and lesbians, but also to negativity toward other groups, in particular those associated with violations of traditional sexual norms (e.g., prostitutes). These results suggest that the association between pathogen-avoidance motivations and antigay attitudes is relatively stable across cultures and is a manifestation of a more general relation between pathogen-avoidance motivations and prejudice towards groups associated with sexual norm violations.