Browsing by Author "Ucar, A."
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Item Open Access The effect of polar end of long-chain fluorocarbon oligomers in promoting the superamphiphobic property over multi-scale rough Al alloy surfaces(Elsevier BV, 2016) Saifaldeen, Z. S.; Khedir, K. R.; Camci, M. T.; Ucar, A.; Süzer, Şefik; Karabacak, T.Rough structures with re-entrant property and their subsequent surface energy reduction with long-chain fluorocarbon oligomers are both critical in developing superamphiphobic (SAP, i.e. both super hydrophobic and superoleophobic) surfaces. However, morphology of the low-surface energy layer on a rough re-entrant substrate can strongly depend on the fluorocarbon oligomers used. In this study, the effect of polar end of different kinds of long-chain fluorocarbon oligomers in promoting a self-assembled monolayer with close packed molecules and robust adhesion on multi-scale rough Al alloy surfaces was investigated. Hierarchical Al alloy surfaces with microgrooves and nanograss structures were developed by a simple combination of one-directional mechanical sanding and post treatment in boiling de-ionized water (DIW). Three types of long-chain fluorocarbon oligomers of 1H, 1H, 2H, 2H-perfluorodecyltriethoxysilane (PFDTS), 1H, 1H, 2H, 2H-perfluorodecyltrichlorosilane (PFDCS), and perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) were chemically vaporized onto these rough Al alloy surfaces. The PFDCS exhibited the lowest surface free energy of less than 10 mN/m. The contact angle and sliding angle measurements for water, ethylene glycol, and peanut oil verified the SAP property of hierarchical rough Al alloy surfaces treated with alkylsilane oligomers (PFDTS, PFDCS). However, the hierarchical surfaces treated with fluorocarbon oligomer with polar acidic tail (PFOA) showed highly amphiphobic properties but could not reach the threshold for SAP. Chemical stability of the hierarchical Al alloy surfaces treated with the fluorocarbon oligomers was tested under the harsh conditions of ultra-sonication in acetone and annealing at high temperature after different treatment times. Contact angle measurements revealed the robustness of the alkylsilane oligomers and deterioration of the PFOA coating particularly for low surface tension liquids. The robust adhesion and close-packing of the alkylsilane molecules as well as their vertical orientation with exposure of more CF3 groups instead of CF2 groups due to the polar silane-based tail are believed to be the main reasons behind their improved chemical stability. The selection of fluorocarbon oligomer with proper polar tail which can promote a self-assembled monolayer with close-packed molecules could make it possible for utilizing shorter fluorocarbon oligomers, which is environmentally favorable, to develop high surface energy materials with SAP properties.Item Open Access Expression of bcl-2 gene family during resection induced liver regeneration: Comparison between hepatectomized and sham groups(2004) Akcali, K. C.; Dalgic, A.; Ucar, A.; Haj, K. B.; Guvenc, D.Aim: During liver regeneration cellular proliferation and apoptosis result in tissue remodeling to restore normal hepatic mass and structure. Main regulators of the apoptotic machinery are the Bcl-2 family proteins but their roles are not well defined throughout the liver regeneration. We aimed to analyze the expression levels of bcl-2gene family members during resection induced liver regeneration. Methods: We performed semi-quantitative RT-PCR to examine the expression level of bak, bax, bcl-2 and bcl-XL in 70% hepatectomized rat livers during the whole regeneration process and compared to that of the sham and normal groups. Results: The expression of bak and bax was decreased whereas that of bcl-2 and bcl-XL was increased in hepatectomized animals compared to normal liver at most time points. We also reported for the first time that sham group of animals had statistically significant higher expression of bak and bax than hepatectomized animals. In addition, the area under the curve (AUC) values of these genes was larger in sham groups than the hepatectomized groups. Conclusion: The expression changes of bak, bax, bcl-2 and bcl-XL genes are altered not only due to regeneration, but also due to effects of surgical operations.