Browsing by Author "Soomro, Muhammad Bilal Akhtar"

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Emergence of industrialization in Turkey: analyzing Turkey’s transition from agrarian to industrial society
(Bilkent University, 2024) Batool, Aiman; Malik, Daib; Zahra, Khadijah Tuz; Soomro, Muhammad Bilal Akhtar; Sheikh, Zaeem Masood
Industrialization is a process that transforms agrarian societies into industrial ones, redirecting emphasis from agriculture to manufacturing. This industrial revolution occurred in Turkey after the establishment of the Republican era in 1923 due to several economic and political factors with the aim of improving the economic conditions. This research paper examines Turkey's industrialization during 1930-1980. It analyzes why industrialization started late in Turkey compared to places like Europe and Asia and how Turkey tried to speed it up with plans like the Five-Year Plan and Import Substitution Industrialization (ISI). It also explores the positive impacts of industrialization on agriculture, urban landscape, and living standards. Nonetheless, alongside its benefits, industrialization also posed challenges. For instance, industrial plans sparked political discord, leading to delayed decision-making. Moreover, infrastructure investments for urban facilities resulted in debt and budget crises, while rapid urbanization strained various resources. Despite these hurdles and its late advent in Turkey, industrialization was a positive force overall as it bolstered Turkey's economy by modernizing industries, job markets, and trade while also fostering agricultural development. In conclusion, Turkey's economy reaped the benefits of industrialization, marking significant progress and enhancement in economic conditions.