Browsing by Author "Sakman, Ezgi"
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Item Open Access Attachment (in)security and threat priming influence signal detection performance(Sage Publications, Inc., 2018) Sakman, Ezgi; Sümer, N.This study examined whether the subliminal priming of threat and attachment figure availability interfere with cognitive attentional performance in conditions of uncertainty among individuals with differing attachment orientations. University students (N ¼ 225) first completed a scale to identify names of their significant attachment figures (WHOTO) and self-report measures of attachment anxiety and avoidance and were then administered a computerized signal detection task assessing their cognitive attentional performance under conditions of threat and attachment figure availability priming. Findings revealed that both attachment anxiety and avoidance posed risk factors for cognitive performance but in different patterns. While attachment avoidance made individuals more prone to errors in missing a signal that was present, attachment anxiety increased the error rate for false alarms. These findings are discussed in relation to previous work in the field and their implications for potential cultural differences.Item Open Access Better relationships shut the wandering eye: sociosexual orientation mediates the association between relationship quality and infidelity intentions(Sage Publications, 2021-04) Urgancı, Betül; Sevi, Barış; Sakman, EzgiPeople who lack quality relationships are more likely to engage in infidelity but how relationship quality is associated with infidelity is less clear. One psychological mechanism that might help to explain these associations is sociosexuality. Here, we tested two models in which we assessed whether overall sociosexuality and sociosexuality subscales (i.e., attitude, behavior, desire) explain how relationship quality is related to infidelity intentions by sampling individuals in exclusive relationships (N = 219). We found that individuals with lower relationship quality had more unrestricted sexual orientation, which in turn predicted a greater intention toward infidelity. In addition, lower quality relationships were associated with greater intentions toward infidelity through behavior and desire, but not attitude dimensions of sociosexuality.Item Open Access Cultural correlates of adult attachment dimensions: comparing the US and Turkey(Sage Publications, Inc., 2023-11-27) Sakman, Ezgi; Sümer, N.Mainstream attachment literature has chiefly employed WEIRD (Western, Educated, Industrialized, Rich and Democratic) samples, yet cross-cultural studies investigating attachment dynamics outside of Western world corroborated universality of the basic tenets of attachment theory and normativity of attachment security. Importantly, these studies revealed country-level differences in the prevalence of insecure attachment tendencies. Of note, this line of work bears the limitation of reducing culture to country and relying on the individualism versus collectivism dichotomy. The present study offers a novel examination of individual-level links between distinct cultural mindsets and distinct attachment orientations. We investigated two community samples (NTurkey = 368, NUSA = 350) from two diverse cultural contexts by employing an assorted battery of cultural value measures, including both overt and covert measures of cultural indicators. Results revealed distinct relationships between attachment anxiety and the interdependent mindset and attachment avoidance and the independent mindset in both cultural contexts. Findings are discussed in light of cultural implications.Item Open Access Güvensiz bağlanma neden yaygın? Bir erken uyarı ve uzaklaşma sistemi olarak güvensiz bağlanma(Türk Psikologlar Derneği, 2018) Sakman, EzgiBağlanma yazınının güvenli bağlanmanın yararlarını, güvensiz bağlanmanın ise olumsuz sonuçlarını gösteren araştırma bulgularıyla dolu olmasına karşın, bütün kültürlerde hem çocukların hem de yetişkinlerin neredeyse yarısının güvensiz bağlandığı bilinmektedir. Bu durum bağlanma paradoksu olarak adlandırılmıştır. Bağlanmayı evrimsel açıdan ele alan ve birbirini tamamlayan iki yaklaşım, güvensiz bağlanma yönelimlerinin farklı çevresel koşullar altında ayırt edici ve uyumu kolaylaştıran bir işlev üstlendiğini öne sürerek bu paradoksu açıklamıştır. Bağlanmanın yaşam geçmişi modelleri, güvensiz bağlanmanın sert ekolojilerde artan üreme uygunluğuna vesile olabileceğini öne sürerken, sosyal savunma kuramı güvensiz bağlanmanın öngörülemeyen tehdit durumlarında grubun hayatta kalma şansını arttırdığı varsayımına dayanır. Bu derlemenin amacı güvensiz bağlanmanın hangi koşullar altında uyumlayıcı olabileceğini savlayan bu iki yaklaşımı ve bu kapsamda yapılan araştırmaları derlemek ve Türkçe yazına kazandırmaktır.Item Open Access Negative speaks louder than positive: negative implicit partner evaluations forecast destructive daily interactions and relationship decline(SAGE Publications Ltd, 2023-12-30) Sakman, Ezgi; Zayas, V.Romantic relationships are affectively complex. Any given interaction consists of both rewarding and aversive features. Recent work has shown that implicit partner evaluations (IPEs)—evaluations spontaneously triggered when one thinks about one’s partner—are also affectively complex. Does such complexity in IPEs help individuals navigate rewarding and aversive aspects inherent in interactions? The present work examined the proposition that negative IPEs uniquely forecast aversive daily relationship behaviors, whereas positive IPEs uniquely forecast rewarding daily relationship behaviors. Individuals self-identified as in a heterosexual romantic relationship completed measures to assess their implicit and explicit partner evaluations at two time points, spanning a three-month period, as well as a daily diary component. Time-1 negative IPEs forecasted perceiving and enacting negative behaviors during a 14-day daily diary, which, in turn, predicted deterioration in explicit partner and relationship evaluations 3-months later. The predictive ability of negative IPEs remained even after statistically controlling for positive IPEs and explicit evaluations. Positive IPEs were weak and inconsistent predictors of outcomes. The findings shine a spotlight on the differential functions of positive and negative IPEs, the importance of assessing negative IPEs independently from positive IPEs, and the role of negative IPEs in predicting destructive relationship experiences.Item Open Access Socioeconomic disadvantage as a risk factor for attachment insecurity: the moderating role of gender(SAGE, 2022-06-02) Sakman, Ezgi; Solak, N.; Sümer, N.Although socioeconomic conditions are crucial predictors of adult attach ment, the relationships between attachment patterns and distinct dimensions of socioeconomic disadvantage, reflecting its structure as a multi-faceted social construct, remain largely unexplored. Moreover, the overwhelming majority of the previous studies utilized samples from Western, educated, industrialized, rich, and democratic (WEIRD) societies, so little is known about how these relationships unfold in underrepresented cultural contexts. To fill these gaps, we explored the relationships between attachment dimensions and multiple indicators of socioeconomic disadvantage in a large community sample of married couples (N = 2622) in Turkey. We expected that indicators of socioeconomic disadvantage would be positively related to both attachment anxiety and avoidance, particularly among women. In line with our expectations, we found that several indicators of socioeconomic disadvantage are related to both dimensions of insecure attachment. Furthermore, lower income levels emerged as a predictor for women’s attachment avoidance. Results are discussed in light of gender, evolutionary, and cultural perspectives.Item Open Access Successful complaint handling on social media predicts increased repurchase intention: The roles of trust in company and propensity to trust(Elsevier, 2022-06-25) Istanbulluoglu, Doga; Sakman, EzgiThis study investigates the relationships between company responses to social media complaints and consumers' repurchase intentions. An online survey collected data from 325 participants who complained on social media. The relationship between repurchase intention and the five dimensions of complaint handling (timeliness, redress, apology, credibility, and attentiveness) as mediated by consumers' trust in company were examined and consumers’ propensity to trust was studied as a moderator in this relationship. The results suggest receiving a response and four dimensions of the response (redress, apology, credibility, and attentiveness) are related to stronger repurchase intention through the mediation of increased trust in company. Furthermore, consumers who are low on propensity to trust report a stronger repurchase intention when they perceive the credibility of the company to be high in handling the complaint. © 2022 The AuthorsItem Open Access Testing the compatibility of attachment anxiety and avoidance with cultural self-construals(Routledge, 2022-01-11) Sakman, Ezgi; Sümer, N.Insecure attachment has been associated with relatively more negative outcomes in mainstream attachment literature, yet several empirical studies show almost half of the populations globally are insecurely attached. Moreover, although attachment security is the universal norm, attachment anxiety and avoidance exhibit significant cultural variation. To explore how this variation can offer certain advantages to people with insecure attachment tendencies, we tested the novel idea that different insecure attachment behaviors can be differentially compatible with varying cultural senses of self (i.e. independent vs. interdependent self-construal) in an experimental setting. We manipulated cultural self-construal by exposing the participants (N = 164) to either an independence or an interdependence prime and asked them to evaluate vignettes depicting typical anxious and avoidant behaviors. The results showed that insecure attachment behaviors were evaluated as more favorable when they were compatible with one’s own attachment tendency. Importantly, this trend was moderated by the cultural self-construal: Participants evaluated even those insecure attachment behaviors that were inconsistent with their own tendencies more favorably when these behaviors were compatible with the cultural self-construal that was experimentally induced. The findings are discussed in light of cultural implications.Item Open Access Voluntary childlessness: a review of the factors underlying the decision not to have children(İstanbul Üniversitesi, 2021-02-22) Sakman, EzgiAlthough having children is seen as one of the most important functions of adult romantic relationships (e.g., marriage) and it is a common norm followed by married couples, birth rates both around the world and in Turkey have steadily declined over the past years. Some childless individuals have decided to remain childfree of their own volition and not due to external factors that lie outside of their control, such as infertility. This voluntary childlessness, which is becoming more and more prevalent around the world, not only has very important psychological consequences for individuals but will also have a significant sociological and demographic impact on societies. Building on the increasing importance of voluntary childlessness for both the individual and society, the present review systematically examines the studies that have investigated the reasons and consequences of the decision to remain childfree and introduce the issues to the Turkish literature. The first part of the review focuses on the individual and societal factors that can predict voluntary childlessness and examines the motivations that inform the decision mechanism. Second, studies investigating the negative stereotypes and societal pressures faced by people who decide to remain childfree and the coping strategies they adopt are reviewed. The results of the studies reviewed indicate that although individuals who consciously decide to remain childless demonstrate a degree of similarity in certain demographic characteristics, their reasons for their decision and the way they live with their choice show significant variation. In addition, although individuals who are voluntarily childless face serious stigma and societal pressure, they do not report any differences in life satisfaction and mental health to individuals who become parents. Also, contrary to common belief, childfree individuals do not regret their decision. At the end of the review, avenues for future research into voluntary childlessness are discussed, and methodological issues that need attention are underlined.Item Open Access Who cheats? An examination of light and dark personality traits as predictors of infidelity(Elsevier, 2020) Sevi, B.; Urgancı, B.; Sakman, EzgiActs of infidelity are violations of the exclusivity norm of close relationships, and some individuals engage in infidelity more than others. Previous studies show that individuals high in the Dark Triad, the malevolent side of personality, are more likely to engage in infidelity, however not much is known regarding the relationship of infidelity and benevolent personality traits, the Light Triad. This study (N = 309) aimed to examine the relations between dark and light side of personality traits and infidelity. Two separate regression analyses were conducted using the Dark Triad and the Light Triad as predictors of infidelity attitudes and infidelity behaviors. The results showed that psychopathy and Kantianism were significant predictors of infidelity attitudes, while only psychopathy emerged as the significant predictor of infidelity behaviors. The findings where the Dark and the Light Triad were simultaneously modeled shows that dark and light personality traits are separate constructs uniquely predicting infidelity attituded and for infidelity behaviors the malevolent may have more predictive power than the benevolent.Item Open Access Your cheating heart is just afraid of ending up alone: Fear of being single mediates the relationship between attachment anxiety and infidelity(Elsevier, 2020-09-08) Sakman, Ezgi; Urganci, B.; Sevi, B.Despite their detrimental effects, acts of infidelity are common. Several individual differences, including attachment orientations, have been linked to infidelity behaviors. Yet, the mechanisms underlying the relationship between attachment anxiety and infidelity are not well understood. This deserves attention, as the positive association between chronic worry about being abandoned and engaging in infidelity, which inherently increases the risk of being left by the partner, poses a paradox. Studying an online community sample (N = 233, 52.8% female, Mage = 36.73, Rangeage = 20–70) using self-report measures, we aim to offer an explanation to this conundrum by hypothesizing that the relationship between attachment anxiety and infidelity behaviors is mediated by fear of being single (i.e., the concern about being left without a partner). We found that those who have greater attachment anxiety showed increased fear of being single, which in turn predicted greater infidelity behaviors. The associations held after controlling for sex, age, and relationship length. Results suggest that people high on attachment anxiety are more likely to be involved in extradyadic relationships due to their high fear of being single, possibly as a bet-hedging strategy to minimize future risk of being single. Findings are discussed vis-à-vis implications for couples counseling.