Browsing by Author "Lagzi, Istvan"
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Item Open Access Chemical tracking of temperature by concurrent periodic precipitation pattern formation in polyacrylamide gels(American Chemical Society, 2022-01-20) Khan, Muhammad Turab Ali; Kwiczak-Yiğitbaşı, Joanna; Tootoonchian, Pedram; Morsali, Mohammad; Lagzi, Istvan; Baytekin, BilgeIn nature, nonequilibrium systems reflect environmental changes, and these changes are often “recorded” in their solid body as they develop. Periodic precipitation patterns, aka Liesegang patterns (LPs), are visual sums of complex events in nonequilibrium reaction–diffusion processes. Here we aim to achieve an artificial system that “records” the temperature changes in the environment with the concurrent LP formation. We first illustrate the differences in 1-D LPs developing at different temperatures in terms of band spacings, which can demonstrate the time, ramp steepness, and extent of a temperature change. These results are discussed and augmented by a mathematical model. Using scanning electron microscopy, we show that the average size of the CuCrO4 precipitate also reflects the temperature changes. Finally, we show that these changes can also be “recorded” in the 2-D and 3-D LPs, which can have applications in long-term temperature tracking and complex soft material design.Item Open Access Complex patterning of matter with liesegang patterns propagating through different concentration media─gel lenses for liesegang waves(American Chemical Society, 2023-11-18) Akbulut, Elif Sıla; Holló, Gábor; Lagzi, Istvan; Baytekin, BilgeThe patterns formed in natural biochemical and geochemical media are never spatially or geometrically homogeneous. On the other hand, the artificial systems trying to mimic nature are usually homogeneous and far from depicting the complexity of the natural ones. Liesegang patterns (LPs) are artificial reaction-diffusion precipitate patterns that can be formed in hydrogels. Although these patterns can be made to “sense” the environment, they are mostly formed in homogeneous media. Here, we present that a simple setting of different gel concentration boundaries can cause refractions of the pattern waves and changes in the band spacings. The extent of refraction is dependent on the macroscopic shape of the boundary. As imaged by scanning electron microscopy, the LP bands “crossing the boundaries” are formed by the product of a new morphology. This study can be a step forward in straightforwardly achieving complexity in artificial systems and developing new crystal forms of solids.