Browsing by Author "Keskin, M. F."

Now showing 1 - 9 of 9

Open Access
Comparative theoretical analysis of distance estimation in visible light positioning systems
(Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc., 2016) Keskin, M. F.; Gezici, Sinan
In this paper, theoretical limits and estimators are studied for synchronous and asynchronous visible light positioning (VLP) systems. Specifically, the Cramér-Rao lower bounds (CRLBs) and maximum likelihood estimators are investigated for distance estimation based on time-of-arrival (TOA) and/or received signal strength (RSS) parameters. Hybrid TOA/RSS-based distance estimation is proposed for VLP systems, and its CRLB is compared analytically against the CRLBs of TOA-based and RSS-based distance estimation. In addition, to investigate the effects of sampling, asymptotic performance results are obtained under sampling rate limitations as the noise variance converges to zero. A modified hybrid TOA/RSS-based distance estimator is proposed to provide performance improvements in the presence of sampling rate limitations. Numerical examples are presented to illustrate the theoretical results. © 2015 IEEE.
Open Access
Cooperative positioning in wireless networks
(John Wiley & Sons, 2016) Gholami, M. R.; Keskin, M. F.; Gezici, Sinan; Jansson, M.; Webster, J. G.
In this article, we study cooperative positioning in wireless networks in which target nodes at unknown locations locally collaborate with each other to find their locations. We review different models available for positioning and categorize the model‐based algorithms in two groups: centralized and distributed. We then investigate a lower bound on the variance of unbiased estimators, namely the Cramer–Rao lower bound, which is a common benchmark in the positioning literature. We finally discuss some open problems and research topics in the area of positioning that are worth exploring in future studies.
Open Access
Improved lower bounds for ranging in synchronous visible light positioning systems
(Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc., 2016) Keskin, M. F.; Gonendik, E.; Gezici, Sinan
In this study, the Ziv-Zakai bound (ZZB) is derived for synchronous visible light positioning (VLP) systems. The proposed ZZB extracts ranging information from the prior information, the time delay parameter, and the channel attenuation factor based on the Lambertian pattern. In addition to the ZZB, the Bayesian Cramï¿½r-Rao bound (CRB) and the weighted CRB (WCRB) are calculated for synchronous VLP systems. Furthermore, a closed-form expression is obtained for the expectation of the conditional CRB (ECRB). Numerical examples are presented to compare the bounds against each other and against the maximum a posteriori probability (MAP) estimator. It is observed that the ZZB can provide a reasonable lower limit on the performance of MAP estimators. On the other hand, the WCRB and the ECRB converge to the ZZB in regions of low and high source optical powers, respectively; however, they are not tight in other regions. ï¿½ 2016 IEEE.
Open Access
Localization via visible light systems
(Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, 2018) Keskin, M. F.; Sezer, A. D.; Gezici, Sinan
Visible light communication (VLC) is an emerging paradigm that enables multiple functionalities to be accomplished concurrently, including illumination, high-speed data communications, and localization. Based on the VLC technology, visible light positioning (VLP) systems aim to estimate locations of VLC receivers by utilizing light-emitting diode (LED) transmitters at known locations. VLP presents a viable alternative to radio frequency (RF)-based positioning systems by providing inexpensive and accurate localization services. In this paper, we consider the problem of localization in visible light systems and provide an extensive survey of various location estimation techniques, accompanied by discussions of their relative merits and demerits within the context of accuracy and computational complexity. In addition, we investigate a cooperative VLP system architecture in which VLC receiver units are able to communicate with each other for the purpose of cooperation, and present a low-complexity, iterative localization algorithm to demonstrate the benefits of cooperation in VLP systems. Finally, we investigate optimal strategies for power allocation among LED transmitters to maximize the localization accuracy subject to power and illumination constraints.
Open Access
Maximization of average number of correctly received symbols over multiple channels in the presence of idle periods
(Elsevier Inc., 2016) Keskin, M. F.; Kurt, M. N.; Tutay, M. E.; Gezici, Sinan; Arıkan, Orhan
In this study, optimal channel switching (time sharing) strategies are investigated under average power and cost constraints for maximizing the average number of correctly received symbols between a transmitter and a receiver that are connected via multiple flat-fading channels with additive Gaussian noise. The optimal strategy is shown to correspond to channel switching either among at most three different channels with full channel utilization (i.e., no idle periods), or between at most two different channels with partial channel utilization. Also, it is stated that the optimal solution must operate at the maximum average power and the maximum average cost, which facilitates low-complexity approaches for obtaining the optimal strategy. For two-channel strategies, an upper bound is derived, in terms of the parameters of the employed channels, on the ratio between the optimal power levels. In addition, theoretical results are derived for characterizing the optimal solution for channel switching between two channels, and for comparing performance of single channel strategies. Sufficient conditions that depend solely on the systems parameters are obtained for specifying when partial channel utilization cannot be optimal. Furthermore, the proposed optimal channel switching problem is investigated for logarithmic cost functions, and various theoretical results are obtained related to the optimal strategy. Numerical examples are presented to illustrate the validity of the theoretical results.
Open Access
On the Impact of hardware impairments on RIS-aided localization
(IEEE, 2022-05) Öztürk, Cüneyd; Keskin, M. F.; Wymeersch, H.; Gezici, Sinan
We investigate a reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS)-aided near-field localization system with single-antenna user equipment (UE) and base station (BS) under hardware impairments by considering a practical phase-dependent RIS amplitude variations model. To analyze the localization performance under the mismatch between the practical model and the ideal model with unit-amplitude RIS elements, we employ the misspecified Cramér-Rao bound (MCRB). Based on the MCRB derivation, the lower bound (LB) on the mean-squared error for estimation of UE position is evaluated and shown to converge to the MCRB at low signal-to-noise ratios (SNRs). Simulation results indicate more severe performance degradation due to the model misspecification with increasing SNR. In addition, the mismatched maximum likelihood (MML) estimator is derived and found to be tight to the LB in the high SNR regime. Finally, we observe that the model mismatch can lead to an order-of-magnitude localization performance loss at high SNRs. © 2022 IEEE.
Open Access
Optimal power allocation for jammer nodes in wireless localization systems
(Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc., 2017) Bayram, S.; Keskin, M. F.; Gezici, Sinan; Arıkan, Orhan
In this paper, optimal power allocation strategies are investigated for jammer nodes in a wireless localization system. Building upon the concept of the restricted Bayesian approach, a generalized optimization strategy, called the restricted scheme, is proposed for power allocation of jammer nodes, and its theoretical properties are characterized. In the restricted scheme, the aim is to maximize the average Cramér-Rao lower bound (CRLB) of target nodes while keeping their minimum CRLB above a predefined level in the presence of average (total) and peak power constraints. It is proved that the average CRLB achieved by the restricted scheme is a strictly decreasing and concave function of the constraint on the minimum CRLB level. A closed-form solution is obtained for the restricted scheme when the tradeoff parameter and the total power limit are below certain thresholds. In addition, it is shown that the optimal solution of the restricted scheme corresponds to the use of at most NT jammer nodes, where NT is the number of target nodes, and that the optimal solution of the minimum CRLB maximization scheme is determined by at most NJ target nodes, where NJ is the number of jammer nodes. Extensions of the restricted scheme and an alternative scheme that aims to maximize the number of disabled target nodes (whose CRLBs are above a preset level) are considered, and the corresponding optimal strategies for jammer power allocation are identified. Numerical examples are provided to verify the theoretical derivations for various network configurations.
Open Access
Power-efficient positioning for visible light systems via chance constrained optimization
(IEEE, 2020) Yazar, Onurcan; Keskin, M. F.; Gezici, Sinan
The problem of minimizing total power consumption in light-emitting diode transmitters is investigated for achieving power efficient localization in a visible light communication and positioning system. A robust power allocation approach based on stochastic uncertainties is proposed for total power minimization in the presence of localization accuracy, power, and illumination constraints. Specifically, the power consumption minimization problem is formulated under a chance constraint on the probability of Cramér-Rao lower bound exceeding a tolerable limit, which is a computationally intractable constraint. The sphere bounding method is used to propose a safe convex approximation to this intractable constraint, which makes the resulting problem suitable for standard convex optimization tools. Numerical results demonstrate the advantages of the proposed robust solution over the nonrobust solution and uniform power allocation in the presence of stochastic uncertainty.
Open Access
RIS-aided near-field localization under phase-dependent amplitude variations
(Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers , 2023-08-14) Ozturk, C.; Keskin, M. F.; Wymeersch, H.; Gezici, Sinan
We investigate the problem of reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS)-aided near-field localization of a user equipment (UE) served by a base station (BS) under phase-dependent amplitude variations at each RIS element. Through a misspecified Cramér-Rao bound (MCRB) analysis and a resulting lower bound (LB) on localization, we show that when the UE is unaware of amplitude variations (i.e., assumes unit-amplitude responses), severe performance penalties can arise, especially at high signal-to-noise ratios (SNRs). Leveraging Jacobi-Anger expansion to decouple range-azimuth-elevation dimensions, we develop a low-complexity approximated mismatched maximum likelihood (AMML) estimator, which is asymptotically tight to the LB. To mitigate performance loss due to model mismatch, we propose to jointly estimate the UE location and the RIS amplitude model parameters. The corresponding Cramér-Rao bound (CRB) is derived, as well as an iterative refinement algorithm, which employs the AMML method as a subroutine and alternatingly updates individual parameters of the RIS amplitude model. Simulation results indicate fast convergence and performance close to the CRB. The proposed method can successfully recover the performance loss of the AMML under a wide range of RIS parameters and effectively calibrate the RIS amplitude model online with the help of a user that has an a-priori unknown location.