Browsing by Author "Derin, Esma"

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Open Access
Advances in biosensor technologies for acute kidney injury
(American Chemical Society, 2021-12-20) Derin, Esma; İnci, Fatih
Acute kidney injury (AKI) is one of the most prevalent and complex clinical syndromes with high morbidity and mortality. The traditional diagnosis parameters are insufficient regarding specificity and sensitivity, and therefore, novel biomarkers and their facile and rapid applications are being sought to improve the diagnostic procedures. The biosensors, which are employed on the basis of electrochemistry, plasmonics, molecular probes, and nanoparticles, are the prominent ways of developing point-of-care devices, along with the mutual integration of efficient surface chemistry strategies. In this manner, biosensing platforms hold pivotal significance in detecting and quantifying novel AKI biomarkers to improve diagnostic interventions, potentially accelerating clinical management to control the injury in a timely manner. In this review, novel diagnostic platforms and their manufacturing processes are presented comprehensively. Furthermore, strategies to boost their effectiveness are also indicated with several applications. To maximize these efforts, we also review various biosensing approaches with a number of biorecognition elements (e.g., antibodies, aptamers, and molecular imprinting molecules), as well as benchmark their features such as robustness, stability, and specificity of these platforms.
Open Access
Biomaterial-integrated metasurfaces for biomarker detection
(2022-08) Derin, Esma
Today, healthcare system is in the midst of a crucial transition from centralized care to self-monitoring approaches, aiming to reach more individuals; to reduce the workload in hospitals; and to minimize healthcare costs. In this regard, biosensor platforms play a mainstay role in disease diagnostics as an alternative or complementary to current interventions. However, integrating existing biosensing systems into the point-of-care (POC) settings is mostly hampered by the need for bulky instrumentation, lengthy assay procedures, and high-cost platforms. In this thesis, we aim to develop a new biosensing strategy that integrates biomaterials with metasurfaces for this manner. To achieve this aim, optical disks were recycled to obtain their inherent nanograting surfaces as the plastic substrates. Accordingly, two different types of metasurfaces were fabricated (i) by coating the plastic substrates with titanium (Ti), silver (Ag) and gold (Au), and (ii) the latter one was coated with Ag only. Poly-L-Lysine (PLL) was then integrated onto these surfaces to construct a biopolymeric adlayer. To enhance sensing characteristics, biomaterial (PLL)-integrated metasurfaces were decorated with gold nanoparticles (AuNPs), and also, nanoislands (NI) were formed on these surfaces through a chemical reduction reaction of chloroauric acid and hydroxylamine hydrochloride. To benchmark analytical performance of sensors, bulk sensitivity analysis was performed with 1%-70% glycerol solutions. In addition, exosomes were employed as model biomarkers in this study since they are released from kidneys to renal space dynamically, and they carry critical information on disease conditions, holding pivotal impact to be employed for early diagnosis of kidney diseases. With the aforementioned sensing scheme, minute concentrations of exosomes were detected over a wide-sensing area decorated with either anti-CD81 antibodies or anti-CD63 antibodies. In sum, we anticipate that this platform would resolve overwhelming challenges in cost- and complex fabrication-related challenges, and consequently, it would offer an affordable and facile-to-use diagnostic platform for this realm.
Open Access
Carbon-based nanomaterials and sensing tools for wearable health monitoring devices
(Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 2021-10-05) Erdem, Özgecan; Derin, Esma; Shirejini, Saeedreza Zeibi; Sağdıç, Kutay; Yılmaz, Eylül Gülşen; Yıldız, Selvin; Akçeoğlu, Garbis Atam; İnci, Fatih
The healthcare system has a drastic paradigm shift from centralized care to home-based and self-monitoring strategies; aiming to reach more individuals, minimize workload in hospitals, and reduce healthcare-associated expenses. Particularly, wearable technologies are garnering considerable interest by tracking physiological parameters through motion and activities, and monitoring biochemical markers from sweat, saliva, and tears. Through their integrations with sensors, microfluidics, and wireless communication systems, they allow physicians, family members, or individuals to monitor multiple parameters without any significant disruptions to daily routine. Integrating flexible and smart materials with wearable platforms have already enabled facile operations. Especially, carbon nanomaterials hold unique features, including low density, high strength, good conductivity, outstanding flexibility, versatile integration with materials and sensors. In this manuscript, carbon nanomaterials are comprehensively reviewed with their tremendous assets utilized in wearable technologies. Further, their integration with ultrasonic, acoustic and energy harvesting devices, optical and electrochemical platforms, microfluidics, and wireless communication technologies are presented.
Open Access
Smart materials-integrated sensor technologies for COVID-19 diagnosis
(Qatar University and Springer Nature Switzerland, 2021-01-21) Erdem, Özgecan; Derin, Esma; Sağdıç, Kutay; Yılmaz, Eylül Gülsen; İnci, Fatih
After the first case has appeared in China, the COVID-19 pandemic continues to pose an omnipresent threat to global health, affecting more than 70 million patients and leading to around 1.6 million deaths. To implement rapid and effective clinical management, early diagnosis is the mainstay. Today, real-time reverse transcriptase (RT)-PCR test is the major diagnostic practice as a gold standard method for accurate diagnosis of this disease. On the other side, serological assays are easy to be implemented for the disease screening. Considering the limitations of today’s tests including lengthy assay time, cost, the need for skilled personnel, and specialized infrastructure, both strategies, however, have impediments to be applied to the resource-scarce settings. Therefore, there is an urgent need to democratize all these practices to be applicable across the globe, specifically to the locations comprising of very limited infrastructure. In this regard, sensor systems have been utilized in clinical diagnostics largely, holding great potential to have pivotal roles as an alternative or complementary options to these current tests, providing crucial fashions such as being suitable for point-of-care settings, cost-effective, and having short turnover time. In particular, the integration of smart materials into sensor technologies leverages their analytical performances, including sensitivity, linear dynamic range, and specificity. Herein, we comprehensively review major smart materials such as nanomaterials, photosensitive materials, electrically sensitive materials, their integration with sensor platforms, and applications as wearable tools within the scope of the COVID-19 diagnosis.