Browsing by Author "Bertolino, A."

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    ItemOpen Access
    The Association between familial risk and brain abnormalities Is disease specific: an ENIGMA-relatives study of schizophrenia and bipolar disorder
    (Elsevier, 2019) Zwarte, S. M. C.; Brouwer, R. M.; Agartz, I.; Alda, M.; Aleman, A.; Alpert, K. I.; Bearden, C. E.; Bertolino, A.; Bois, C.; Bonvino, A.; Bramon, E.; Buimer, E.; Cahn, W.; Cannon, D. M.; Cannon, T. D.; Caseras, X.; Castro-Fornieles, J.; Chen, Q.; Serna, E.; Giorgio, A. D.; Doucet, G.; Eker, M. C.; Erk, S.; Fears, S.; Foley, S.; Frangou, S.; Frankland, A.; Fullerton, J.; Glahn, D.; Goghari, V.; Goldman, A.; Gonul, A.; Gruber, O.; Haan, L.; Hajek, T.; Hawkins, E.; Heinz, A.; Hillegers, M.; Pol, H.; Hultman, C.; Ingvar, M.; Johansson, V.; Jönsson, E.; Kane, K.; Kempton, M.; Koenis, M.; Kopecek, M.; Krabbendam, L.; Krämer, B.; Lawrie, S.; Lenroot, R.; Marcelis, M.; Marsman, J-B; Mattay, V.; McDonald, C.; Meyer-Lindenberg, A.; Michielse, S.; Mitchell, P.; Moreno, D.; Murray, R.; Mwangi, B.; Najt, P.; Neilson, E.; Newport, J.; Os, J.; Overs, B.; Özerdem, A.; Picchioni, M.; Richter, A.; Roberts, G.; Aydoğan, A. S.; Schofield, P.; Şimşek, F.; Soares, J.; Sugranyes, G.; Toulopoulou, Timothea; Tronchin, G.; Walter, H.; Wang, L.; Weinberger, D.; Whalley, H.; Yalın, N.; Andreassen, O.; Ching, C.; Erp, T.; Turner, J.; Jahanshad, N.; Thompson, P.; Kahn, R.; Haren, N.
    Abstract Background Schizophrenia and bipolar disorder share genetic liability, and some structural brain abnormalities are common to both conditions. First-degree relatives of patients with schizophrenia (FDRs-SZ) show similar brain abnormalities to patients, albeit with smaller effect sizes. Imaging findings in first-degree relatives of patients with bipolar disorder (FDRs-BD) have been inconsistent in the past, but recent studies report regionally greater volumes compared with control subjects. Methods We performed a meta-analysis of global and subcortical brain measures of 6008 individuals (1228 FDRs-SZ, 852 FDRs-BD, 2246 control subjects, 1016 patients with schizophrenia, 666 patients with bipolar disorder) from 34 schizophrenia and/or bipolar disorder family cohorts with standardized methods. Analyses were repeated with a correction for intracranial volume (ICV) and for the presence of any psychopathology in the relatives and control subjects. Results FDRs-BD had significantly larger ICV (d = +0.16, q < .05 corrected), whereas FDRs-SZ showed smaller thalamic volumes than control subjects (d = −0.12, q < .05 corrected). ICV explained the enlargements in the brain measures in FDRs-BD. In FDRs-SZ, after correction for ICV, total brain, cortical gray matter, cerebral white matter, cerebellar gray and white matter, and thalamus volumes were significantly smaller; the cortex was thinner (d < −0.09, q < .05 corrected); and third ventricle was larger (d = +0.15, q < .05 corrected). The findings were not explained by psychopathology in the relatives or control subjects. Conclusions Despite shared genetic liability, FDRs-SZ and FDRs-BD show a differential pattern of structural brain abnormalities, specifically a divergent effect in ICV. This may imply that the neurodevelopmental trajectories leading to brain anomalies in schizophrenia or bipolar disorder are distinct.
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    ItemOpen Access
    Intelligence, educational attainment, and brain structure in those at familial high‐risk for schizophrenia or bipolar disorder
    (Wiley, 2020) de Zwarte, S. M. C.; Brouwer, R.; Agartz, I.; Alda, M.; Alonso-Lana, S.; Bearden, C.; Bertolino, A.; Bonvino, A.; Bramon, E.; Buimer, E.; Cahn, W.; Canales-Rodríguez, E.; Cannon, D. M.; Cannon, T. D.; Caseras, X.; Castro-Fornieles, J.; Chen, Q.; Chung, Y.; De la Serna, E.; del Mar Bonnin, C.; Demro, C.; Di Giorgio, A.; Doucet, G.; Eker, M.; Erk, S.; Fatjó-Vilas, M.; Fears, S.; Foley, S.; Frangou, S.; Fullerton, J.; Glahn, D.; Goghari, V.; Goikolea, J.; Goldman, A.; Gonul, A.; Gruber, O.; Hajek, T.; Hawkins, E.; Heinz, A.; Ongun, C.; Hillegers, M.; Houenou, J.; Pol, H.; Hultman, C.; Ingvar, M.; Johansson, V.; Jönsson, E.; Kane, F.; Kempton, M.; Koenis, M.; Kopecek, M.; Krämer, B.; Lawrie, S.; Lenroot, R.; Marcelis, M.; Mattay, V.; McDonald, C.; Meyer-Lindenberg, A.; Michielse, S.; Mitchell, P.; Moreno, D.; Murray, R.; Mwangi, B.; Nabulsi, L.; Newport, J.; Olman, C.; van Os, J.; Overs, B.; Ozerdem, A.; Pergola, G.; Picchioni, M.; Piguet, C.; Pomarol-Clotet, E.; Radua, J.; Ramsay, I.; Richter, A.; Roberts, G.; Salvador, R.; Saricicek-Aydogan, A.; Sarró, S.; Schofield, P.; Simsek, E.; Simsek, F.; Soares, J.; Sponheim, S.; Sugranyes, G.; Toulopoulou, Timothea; Tronchin, G.; Vieta, E.; Walter, H.; Weinberger, D.; Whalley, H.; Wu, M. -J.; Yalin, N.; Andreassen, O.; Ching, C.; Thomopoulos, S.; van Erp, T.; Jahanshad, N.; Thompson, P.; Kahn, R.; van Haren, N.
    First‐degree relatives of patients diagnosed with schizophrenia (SZ‐FDRs) show similar patterns of brain abnormalities and cognitive alterations to patients, albeit with smaller effect sizes. First‐degree relatives of patients diagnosed with bipolar disorder (BD‐FDRs) show divergent patterns; on average, intracranial volume is larger compared to controls, and findings on cognitive alterations in BD‐FDRs are inconsistent. Here, we performed a meta‐analysis of global and regional brain measures (cortical and subcortical), current IQ, and educational attainment in 5,795 individuals (1,103 SZ‐FDRs, 867 BD‐FDRs, 2,190 controls, 942 schizophrenia patients, 693 bipolar patients) from 36 schizophrenia and/or bipolar disorder family cohorts, with standardized methods. Compared to controls, SZ‐FDRs showed a pattern of widespread thinner cortex, while BD‐FDRs had widespread larger cortical surface area. IQ was lower in SZ‐FDRs (d = −0.42, p = 3 × 10−5), with weak evidence of IQ reductions among BD‐FDRs (d = −0.23, p = .045). Both relative groups had similar educational attainment compared to controls. When adjusting for IQ or educational attainment, the group‐effects on brain measures changed, albeit modestly. Changes were in the expected direction, with less pronounced brain abnormalities in SZ‐FDRs and more pronounced effects in BD‐FDRs. To conclude, SZ‐FDRs and BD‐FDRs show a differential pattern of structural brain abnormalities. In contrast, both had lower IQ scores and similar school achievements compared to controls. Given that brain differences between SZ‐FDRs and BD‐FDRs remain after adjusting for IQ or educational attainment, we suggest that differential brain developmental processes underlying predisposition for schizophrenia or bipolar disorder are likely independent of general cognitive impairment.