A method for automatic scaling of ionograms and electron density reconstruction

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buir.contributor.authorGök, Gökhan
buir.contributor.authorArıkan, Orhan
buir.contributor.orcidArıkan, Orhan|0000-0002-3698-8888
dc.contributor.authorGök, Gökhan
dc.contributor.authorAlp, Y. K.
dc.contributor.authorArıkan, Orhan
dc.contributor.authorArıkan, F.
dc.date.accessioned2022-01-28T13:27:41Z
dc.date.available2022-01-28T13:27:41Z
dc.date.issued2021-10-19
dc.departmentDepartment of Electrical and Electronics Engineeringen_US
dc.description( Early Access )
dc.description.abstractIonogram scaling is the process of reconstructing electron density with respect to height by using the measurements of a remote sensing instrument known as ionosonde. In this study, a novel two stage ionogram scaling technique, ISED, is proposed. In the first stage, Hidden Markov Models (HMMs) are used to identify the actual ionospheric reflections in the ionosonde measurements. In the second stage, an IRI-Plas model based optimization problem is solved to obtain the vertical profile that generates the best least squares fit to the reflections identified in the first stage. To show the performance of ISED in global scale, experiments are conducted on 14,812 ionograms recorded at the three different stations which are Pruhonice in Czech Republic, Eielson in USA and Sao Luis in Brazil. Application of ISED to raw ionograms indicate 97.6% of the cases, ISED provides accurate electron density reconstructions, which is an improvement about 8.7% over ARTIST, most commonly used ionogram scaling technique.en_US
dc.identifier.doi10.1109/TGRS.2021.3121621en_US
dc.identifier.eissn1558-0644
dc.identifier.issn0196-2892
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/11693/76887
dc.language.isoEnglishen_US
dc.publisherIEEEen_US
dc.relation.isversionofhttps://doi.org/10.1109/TGRS.2021.3121621en_US
dc.source.titleIEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensingen_US
dc.subjectIonogram scalingen_US
dc.subjectTrue height analysisen_US
dc.subjectARTISTen_US
dc.subjectNhPCen_US
dc.subjectHMMen_US
dc.subjectIonosondeen_US
dc.subjectISEDen_US
dc.subjectHidden Markov Modelsen_US
dc.titleA method for automatic scaling of ionograms and electron density reconstructionen_US
dc.typeArticleen_US
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