Context In a software project, properly analyzing the contributions of developers could provide valuable insights for decision-makers. The contributions of a developer could be in many different forms such as committing and reviewing code, opening and resolving issues. Previous approaches mainly consider the commit-based contributions which provide an incomplete picture of developer contributions. Objective Different from the traditional commit-based approaches for analyzing developer contributions, we aim to provide a more holistic approach to reflect the rich set of software development activities using artifact traceability graphs.

Method For analyzing the developer contributions, we propose a novel categorization of developers (Jacks, Mavens and Connectors) in a software project. We introduce a set of algorithms on artifact traceability graphs to identify key developers, recommend replacements for leaving developers and evaluate knowledge distribution among developers.

Results We evaluate our proposed algorithms on six open-source projects and demonstrate that the identified key developers match the top commenters up to 98%, recommended replacements are correct up to 91% and identified knowledge distribution labels are compatible 94% on average with the baseline approaches.

Conclusions The proposed algorithms using artifact traceability graphs for analyzing developer contributions could be used by software project decision-makers in several scenarios. (1) Identifying different types of key developers. (2) Finding a replacement developer in large teams. (3) Evaluating the overall knowledge distribution amongst developers to take early precautions.