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      Modulation of immune responses using adjuvants to facilitate therapeutic vaccination

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      Author(s)
      Schijns, V.
      Fernández‐Tejada, A.
      Barjaktarović, Ž.
      Bouzalas, I.
      Brimnes, J.
      Chernysh, S.
      Gizurarson, S.
      Gürsel, İhsan
      Jakopin, Ž.
      Lawrenz, M.
      Nativi, C.
      Paul, S.
      Pedersen, G. K.
      Rosano, C.
      Ruiz‐de‐Angulo, A.
      Slütter, B.
      Thakur, A.
      Christensen, D.
      Lavelle, Ed. C.
      Date
      2020
      Source Title
      Immunological Reviews
      Print ISSN
      0105-2896
      Publisher
      Wiley
      Volume
      296
      Issue
      1
      Pages
      169 - 190
      Language
      English
      Type
      Review
      Item Usage Stats
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      87
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      Abstract
      Therapeutic vaccination offers great promise as an intervention for a diversity of infectious and non‐infectious conditions. Given that most chronic health conditions are thought to have an immune component, vaccination can at least in principle be proposed as a therapeutic strategy. Understanding the nature of protective immunity is of vital importance, and the progress made in recent years in defining the nature of pathological and protective immunity for a range of diseases has provided an impetus to devise strategies to promote such responses in a targeted manner. However, in many cases, limited progress has been made in clinical adoption of such approaches. This in part results from a lack of safe and effective vaccine adjuvants that can be used to promote protective immunity and/or reduce deleterious immune responses. Although somewhat simplistic, it is possible to divide therapeutic vaccine approaches into those targeting conditions where antibody responses can mediate protection and those where the principal focus is the promotion of effector and memory cellular immunity or the reduction of damaging cellular immune responses as in the case of autoimmune diseases. Clearly, in all cases of antigen‐specific immunotherapy, the identification of protective antigens is a vital first step. There are many challenges to developing therapeutic vaccines beyond those associated with prophylactic diseases including the ongoing immune responses in patients, patient heterogeneity, and diversity in the type and stage of disease. If reproducible biomarkers can be defined, these could allow earlier diagnosis and intervention and likely increase therapeutic vaccine efficacy. Current immunomodulatory approaches related to adoptive cell transfers or passive antibody therapy are showing great promise, but these are outside the scope of this review which will focus on the potential for adjuvanted therapeutic active vaccination strategies.
      Keywords
      Adjuvant
      Autoimmunity
      Cancer
      Cellular immunity
      Therapeutic
      Vaccine
      Permalink
      http://hdl.handle.net/11693/55041
      Published Version (Please cite this version)
      https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/imr.12889
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