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      Magnetic Particle Imaging (MPI) for NMR and MRI researchers

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      Author(s)
      Sarıtaş, Emine Ülkü
      Date
      2013
      Source Title
      Journal of Magnetic Resonance
      Print ISSN
      1090-7807
      Publisher
      Elsevier
      Volume
      229
      Pages
      116 - 126
      Language
      English
      Type
      Article
      Item Usage Stats
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      Abstract
      Magnetic Particle Imaging (MPI) is a new tracer imaging modality that is gaining significant interest from NMR and MRI researchers. While the physics of MPI differ substantially from MRI, it employs hardware and imaging concepts that are familiar to MRI researchers, such as magnetic excitation and detection, pulse sequences, and relaxation effects. Furthermore, MPI employs the same superparamagnetic iron oxide (SPIO) contrast agents that are sometimes used for MR angiography and are often used for MRI cell tracking studies. These SPIOs are much safer for humans than iodine or gadolinium, especially for Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) patients. The weak kidneys of CKD patients cannot safely excrete iodine or gadolinium, leading to increased morbidity and mortality after iodinated X-ray or CT angiograms, or after gadolinium-MRA studies. Iron oxides, on the other hand, are processed in the liver, and have been shown to be safe even for CKD patients. Unlike the “black blood” contrast generated by SPIOs in MRI due to increased dephasing, SPIOs in MPI generate positive, “bright blood” contrast. With this ideal contrast, even prototype MPI scanners can already achieve fast, high-sensitivity, and high-contrast angiograms with millimeter-scale resolutions in phantoms and in animals. Moreover, MPI shows great potential for an exciting array of applications, including stem cell tracking in vivo, first-pass contrast studies to diagnose or stage cancer, and inflammation imaging in vivo. So far, only a handful of prototype small-animal MPI scanners have been constructed worldwide. Hence, MPI is open to great advances, especially in hardware, pulse sequence, and nanoparticle improvements, with the potential to revolutionize the biomedical imaging field.
      Keywords
      Magnetic Particle Imaging
      MPI
      Magnetic nanoparticles
      Superparamagnetic iron oxide
      SPIO
      Angiography
      Stem cell tracking
      Permalink
      http://hdl.handle.net/11693/53579
      Published Version (Please cite this version)
      https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmr.2012.11.029
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