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      • Faculty of Economics, Administrative And Social Sciences
      • Department of International Relations
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      European populist radical right leaders’ foreign policy beliefs: An operational code analysis

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      Author(s)
      Özdamar, Özgür
      Ceydilek, Erdem
      Date
      2020-03
      Source Title
      European Journal of International Relations
      Print ISSN
      1354-0661
      Electronic ISSN
      1460-3713
      Publisher
      Sage Publications
      Volume
      26
      Issue
      1
      Pages
      137 - 162
      Language
      English
      Type
      Article
      Item Usage Stats
      162
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      241
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      Abstract
      Despite the significance of the subject, studies on the foreign policy preferences of European populist radical right leaders are scarce except for a handful of examples. Are European populist radical right leaders more hostile than other world leaders or comparatively friendly? Do they use cooperative or conflictual strategies to achieve their political goals? What are the leadership types associated with their strategic orientations in international relations? Using the operational code construct in this empirical study, we answer these questions and depict the foreign policy belief systems of seven European populist radical right leaders. We test whether they share a common pattern in their foreign policy beliefs and whether their foreign policy belief systems are significantly different from the norming group of average world leaders. The results indicate that European populist radical right leaders lack a common pattern in terms of their foreign policy belief systems. While the average scores of the analysed European populist radical right leaders suggest that they are more conflictual in their world views, results also show that they employ instrumental approaches relatively similar to the average group of world leaders. This article illuminates the microfoundations of strategic behaviour in international relations and arrives at conclusions about the role of European populist radical right leaders in mainstream International Relations discussions, such as idealism versus realism. In this sense, the cognitivist research school complements and advances structural accounts of international relations by analysing leadership in world affairs.
      Keywords
      European populist radical right
      Foreign policy analysis
      Foreign policy beliefs
      Leadership
      Operational code analysis
      Permalink
      http://hdl.handle.net/11693/53422
      Published Version (Please cite this version)
      https://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1354066119850254
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      • Department of International Relations 558
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