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      Magnetic resonance imaging assisted by wireless passive implantable fiducial e-markers

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      Author(s)
      Gokyar, S.
      Alipour, A.
      Unal, E.
      Atalar, Ergin
      Demir, Hilmi Volkan
      Date
      2017
      Source Title
      IEEE Access
      Electronic ISSN
      2169-3536
      Publisher
      Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers
      Volume
      5
      Pages
      19693 - 19702
      Language
      English
      Type
      Article
      Item Usage Stats
      255
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      177
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      Abstract
      This paper reports a wireless passive resonator architecture that is used as a fiducial electronic marker (e-marker) intended for internal marking purposes in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). As a proof-of-concept demonstration, a class of double-layer, sub-cm helical resonators were microfabricated and tuned to the operating frequency of 123 MHz for a three T MRI system. Effects of various geometrical parameters on the resonance frequency of the e-marker were studied, and the resulting specific absorption rate (SAR) increase was analyzed using a full-wave microwave solver. The B1 + field distribution was calculated, and experimental results were compared. As an exemplary application to locate subdural electrodes, these markers were paired with subdural electrodes. It was shown that such sub-cm self-resonant e-markers with biocompatible constituents can be designed and used for implant marking, with sub-mm positioning accuracy, in MRI. In this application, a free-space quality factor ( Q -factor) of approximately 50 was achieved for the proposed resonator architecture. However, this structure caused an SAR increase in certain cases, which limits its usage for in vivo imaging practices. The findings indicate that these implantable resonators hold great promise for wireless fiducial e-marking in MRI as an alternative to multimodal imaging.
      Keywords
      Fiducial e-markers
      Implants
      Magnetic resonance imaging
      Wireless resonators
      Biocompatibility
      Dental prostheses
      Electrodes
      Geometrical optics
      Geometry
      Magnetism
      Q factor measurement
      Radar imaging
      Resonance
      Resonators
      Fiducial e-markers
      Field distribution
      Implantable resonators
      Multi-modal imaging
      Operating frequency
      Positioning accuracy
      Resonance frequencies
      Specific absorption rate
      Magnetic resonance imaging
      Permalink
      http://hdl.handle.net/11693/37122
      Published Version (Please cite this version)
      https://doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2017.2752649
      Collections
      • Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering 3868
      • Institute of Materials Science and Nanotechnology (UNAM) 2098
      • Nanotechnology Research Center (NANOTAM) 1125
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