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      Aqueous paramagnetic solutions for MRI phantoms at 3 T: a detailed study on relaxivities

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      Author
      Thangavel, Kalaivani
      Sarıtaş, Emine Ülkü
      Date
      2017
      Source Title
      Turkish Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences
      Print ISSN
      1300-0632
      Publisher
      Turkiye Klinikleri Journal of Medical Sciences
      Volume
      25
      Issue
      3
      Pages
      2108 - 2121
      Language
      English
      Type
      Article
      Item Usage Stats
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      Abstract
      Phantoms with known T1 and T2 values that are prepared using solutions of easily accessible paramagnetic agents are commonly used in MRI imaging centers, especially with the goal of validating the accuracy of quantitative imaging protocols. The relaxivity parameters of several agents were comprehensively examined at lower B0 field strengths, but studies at 3 T remain limited. The main goal of this study is to measure r1 and r2 relaxivities of three common paramagnetic agents (CuSO4, MnCl2, and NiCl2) at room temperature at 3 T. Separate phantoms were prepared at various concentrations of 0.05-0.5 mM for MnCl2 and 1-6 mM for CuSO4 and NiCl2. For assessment of T1 relaxation times, inversion recovery turbo spin echo images were acquired at 15 inversion times ranging between 24 and 2500 ms. For assessment of T2 relaxation times, spin-echo images were acquired at 15 echo times ranging between 8.5 and 255 ms. Voxel-wise T1 and T2 relaxation times at each concentration were separately determined from the respective signal recovery curves (inversion recovery for T1 and spin echo decay for T2). Relaxivities r 1 and r2 for all three agents that were derived from these relaxation time measurements are reported: r1 = 0.602 mM-1 s-1 and r2 = 0.730 mM-1 s-1 for CuSO4, r1 = 6.397 mM-1 s-1 and r2 = 108.266 mM-1 s-1 for MnCl2, r1 = 0.620 mM-1 s-1 and r2 = 0.848 mM-1 s-1 for NiCl2. These results will serve as a practical reference to design phantoms of target T1 and T2 values at 3 T, in particular phantoms with relaxation times equivalent to specific human tissues.
      Keywords
      3 T MRI
      Paramagnetic phantoms
      Quantitative imaging
      Relaxivity
      T1
      T2
      Permalink
      http://hdl.handle.net/11693/36998
      Published Version (Please cite this version)
      http://dx.doi.org/10.3906/elk-1602-123
      Collections
      • Aysel Sabuncu Brain Research Center (BAM) 196
      • Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering 3597
      • National Magnetic Resonance Research Center (UMRAM) 195
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