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      Synthesis of mesoporous lithium titanate thin films and monoliths as an anode material for high-rate lithium-ion batteries

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      Author(s)
      Balcı, F. M.
      Kudu, Ö. U.
      Yılmaz, E.
      Dag, Ö.
      Date
      2016
      Source Title
      Chemistry: A European Journal
      Print ISSN
      0947-6539
      Electronic ISSN
      1521-3765
      Publisher
      Wiley-VCH Verlag
      Volume
      22
      Issue
      52
      Pages
      18873 - 18880
      Language
      English
      Type
      Article
      Item Usage Stats
      287
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      313
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      Abstract
      Mesoporous Li4Ti5O12 (LTO) thin film is an important anode material for lithium-ion batteries (LIBs). Mesoporous films could be prepared by self-assembly processes. A molten-salt-assisted self-assembly (MASA) process is used to prepare mesoporous thin films of LTOs. Clear solutions of CTAB, P123, LiNO3, HNO3, and Ti(OC4H9)4 in ethanol form gel-like meso-ordered films upon either spin or spray coating. In the assembly process, the CTAB/P123 molar ratio of 14 is required to accommodate enough salt species in the mesophase, in which the LiI/P123 ratio can be varied between molar ratios of 28 and 72. Calcination of the meso-ordered films produces transparent mesoporous spinel LTO films that are abbreviated as Cxx-yyy-zzz or CAxx-yyy-zzz (C=calcined, CA=calcined–annealed, xx=LiI/P123 molar ratio, and yyy=calcination and zzz=annealing temperatures in Celsius) herein. All samples were characterized by using XRD, TEM, N2-sorption, and Raman techniques and it was found that, at all compositions, the LTO spinel phase formed with or without an anatase phase as an impurity. Electrochemical characterization of the films shows excellent performance at different current rates. The CA40-350-450 sample performs best among all samples tested, yielding an average discharge capacity of (176±1) mA h g−1 at C/2 and (139±4) mA h g−1 at 50 C and keeping 92 % of its initial discharge capacity upon 50 cycles at C/2.
      Keywords
      Anodes
      Assembly
      Calcination
      Characterization
      Electric batteries
      Electrochemistry
      Electrodes
      Films
      Lithium
      Lithium alloys
      Lithium compounds
      Mesoporous materials
      Self assembly
      Thin film lithium ion batteries
      Thin films
      Annealing temperatures
      Anode material for lithium ion batteries
      Discharge capacities
      Electrochemical characterizations
      Initial discharge capacities
      Mesoporous thin films
      Raman techniques
      Self assembly process
      Lithium-ion batteries
      Permalink
      http://hdl.handle.net/11693/36962
      Published Version (Please cite this version)
      http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/chem.201604253
      Collections
      • Department of Chemistry 707
      • Institute of Materials Science and Nanotechnology (UNAM) 2258
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