Synthesis of mesoporous lithium titanate thin films and monoliths as an anode material for high-rate lithium-ion batteries
Date
2016Source Title
Chemistry: A European Journal
Print ISSN
0947-6539
Electronic ISSN
1521-3765
Publisher
Wiley-VCH Verlag
Volume
22
Issue
52
Pages
18873 - 18880
Language
English
Type
ArticleItem Usage Stats
287
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313
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Abstract
Mesoporous Li4Ti5O12 (LTO) thin film is an important anode material for lithium-ion batteries (LIBs). Mesoporous films could be prepared by self-assembly processes. A molten-salt-assisted self-assembly (MASA) process is used to prepare mesoporous thin films of LTOs. Clear solutions of CTAB, P123, LiNO3, HNO3, and Ti(OC4H9)4 in ethanol form gel-like meso-ordered films upon either spin or spray coating. In the assembly process, the CTAB/P123 molar ratio of 14 is required to accommodate enough salt species in the mesophase, in which the LiI/P123 ratio can be varied between molar ratios of 28 and 72. Calcination of the meso-ordered films produces transparent mesoporous spinel LTO films that are abbreviated as Cxx-yyy-zzz or CAxx-yyy-zzz (C=calcined, CA=calcined–annealed, xx=LiI/P123 molar ratio, and yyy=calcination and zzz=annealing temperatures in Celsius) herein. All samples were characterized by using XRD, TEM, N2-sorption, and Raman techniques and it was found that, at all compositions, the LTO spinel phase formed with or without an anatase phase as an impurity. Electrochemical characterization of the films shows excellent performance at different current rates. The CA40-350-450 sample performs best among all samples tested, yielding an average discharge capacity of (176±1) mA h g−1 at C/2 and (139±4) mA h g−1 at 50 C and keeping 92 % of its initial discharge capacity upon 50 cycles at C/2.
Keywords
AnodesAssembly
Calcination
Characterization
Electric batteries
Electrochemistry
Electrodes
Films
Lithium
Lithium alloys
Lithium compounds
Mesoporous materials
Self assembly
Thin film lithium ion batteries
Thin films
Annealing temperatures
Anode material for lithium ion batteries
Discharge capacities
Electrochemical characterizations
Initial discharge capacities
Mesoporous thin films
Raman techniques
Self assembly process
Lithium-ion batteries
Permalink
http://hdl.handle.net/11693/36962Published Version (Please cite this version)
http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/chem.201604253Collections
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