Surfaces of solids behave differently from the bulk due to different atomic rearrangements and processes such as oxidation or aging. Such behavior can become markedly dominant at the nanoscale due to the large ratio of surface area to bulk volume. The surface elasticity theory (Gurtin and Murdoch in Arch Ration Mech Anal 57(4):291–323, 1975) has proven to be a powerful strategy to capture the size-dependent response of nano-materials. While the surface elasticity theory is well-established to date, surface plasticity still remains elusive and poorly understood. The objective of this contribution is to establish a thermodynamically consistent surface elastoplasticity theory for finite deformations. A phenomenological isotropic plasticity model for the surface is developed based on the postulated elastoplastic multiplicative decomposition of the surface superficial deformation gradient. The non-linear governing equations and the weak forms thereof are derived. The numerical implementation is carried out using the finite element method and the consistent elastoplastic tangent of the surface contribution is derived. Finally, a series of numerical examples provide further insight into the problem and elucidate the key features of the proposed theory. © 2017 Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature