Effect of milling time on the structure, micro-hardness, and thermal behavior of amorphous/nanocrystalline TiNiCu shape memory alloys developed by mechanical alloying
Date
2014Source Title
Materials and Design
Print ISSN
0261-3069
Publisher
Elsevier Ltd
Volume
55
Pages
373 - 380
Language
English
Type
ArticleItem Usage Stats
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Abstract
In the present paper, the effect of milling process on the chemical composition, structure, microhardness, and thermal behavior of Ti-41Ni-9Cu compounds developed by mechanical alloying was evaluated. The structural characteristic of the alloyed powders was evaluated by X-ray diffraction (XRD). The chemical composition homogeneity and the powder morphology and size were studied by scanning electron microscopy coupled with electron dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. Moreover, the Vickers micro-indentation hardness of the powders milled for different milling times was determined. Finally, the thermal behavior of the as-milled powders was studied by differential scanning calorimetery. According to the results, at the initial stages of milling (typically 0-12. h), the structure consisted of a Ni solid solution and amorphous phase, and by the milling evolution, nanocrystalline martensite (B19') and austenite (B2) phases were initially formed from the initial materials and then from the amorphous phase. It was found that by the milling development, the composition uniformity is increased, the inter-layer thickness is reduced, and the powders microhardness is initially increased, then reduced, and afterward re-increased. It was also realized that the thermal behavior of the alloyed powders and the structure of heat treated samples is considerably affected by the milling time.
Keywords
Crystal structureCrystallization
Mechanical alloying
Micro-hardness
Microstructure
TiNiCu shape memory alloys
Amorphous materials
Crystal structure
Crystallization
Differential scanning calorimetry
Mechanical alloying
Microhardness
Microstructure
Nanocrystalline materials
Nickel
Powders
Scanning electron microscopy
Shape memory effect
X ray diffraction
X ray powder diffraction
X ray spectroscopy
As-milled powders
Chemical compositions
Micro-indentation hardness
Nanocrystallines
Powder morphology
Structural characteristics
Thermal behaviors
TiNiCu shape memory alloys
Milling (machining)
Permalink
http://hdl.handle.net/11693/26411Published Version (Please cite this version)
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.matdes.2013.09.009Collections
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