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      Real-space condensation in a dilute Bose gas at low temperature

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      Author(s)
      Kulik, I. O.
      Date
      2001
      Source Title
      Fizika Nizkikh Temperatur (Kharkov)
      Print ISSN
      0132-6414
      Publisher
      Natsional'na Akademiya Nauk Ukrainy
      Volume
      27
      Issue
      9-10
      Pages
      1179 - 1182
      Language
      English
      Type
      Article
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      215
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      Abstract
      We show with a direct numerical analysis that a dilute Bose gas in an external potential - which is choosen for simplicity as a radial parabolic well - undergoes at certain temperature Tc a phase transition to a state supporting macroscopic fraction of particles at the origin of the phase space (r = 0, p = 0). Quantization of particle motion in a well wipes out sharp transition but supports a distribution of radial particle density p(r) peacked at r = 0 (a real-space condensate) as well as the phase-space Wigner distribution density W(r, p) peaked at r = 0 and p = 0 below the crossover temperature Tc* of order of Tc. Fixed-particle-number canonical ensemble which is a combination of the fixed-N condensate part and the fixed-μ excitation part is suggested to resolve the difficulty of large fluctuation of the particle number (δN ∼ N) in the Bose-Einstein condensation problem treated within the orthodox grand canonical ensemble formalism.
      Keywords
      Condensation
      Liquefaction of gases
      Low temperature effects
      Numerical analysis
      Particle size analysis
      Probability distributions
      Bose gases
      Gases
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      http://hdl.handle.net/11693/24812
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