This study is a political historical account of the significance of the Turkish Labor Party (TLP) (Türkiye IşI çi Partisi) in Turkish politics and among the Turkish left in light of the party's parliamentary experience between 1965 and 1969. The TLP's entrance into the National Assembly was an important milestone and a unique phenomenon in modern Turkish politics. The TLP's insistence on the use of parliamentary and constitutional means to come to power was its distinctive feature; and it was this characteristic that distinguished the party from other main organizations and movements of the Turkish left in the 1960s. © 2010 Taylor & Francis.