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      Investigation of total electron content variability due to seismic and geomagnetic disturbances in the ionosphere

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      Author
      Karatay S.
      Arikan, F.
      Arıkan, Orhan
      Date
      2010-10-20
      Source Title
      Radio Science
      Print ISSN
      0048-6604
      Publisher
      Wiley-Blackwell Publishing
      Volume
      45
      Issue
      5
      Pages
      1 - 12
      Language
      English
      Type
      Article
      Item Usage Stats
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      95
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      Abstract
      Variations in solar, geomagnetic, and seismic activity can cause deviations in the ionospheric plasma that can be detected as disturbances in both natural and man-made signals. Total electron content (TEC) is an efficient means for investigating the structure of the ionosphere by making use of GPS receivers. In this study, TEC data obtained for eight GPS stations are compared with each other using the cross-correlation coefficient (CC), symmetric Kullback-Leibler distance (KLD), and L2 norm (L2N) for quiet days of the ionosphere, during severe geomagnetic storms and strong earthquakes. It is observed that only KLD and L2N can differentiate the seismic activity from the geomagnetic disturbance and quiet ionosphere if the stations are in a radius of 340 km. When TEC for each station is compared with an average quiet day TEC for all periods using CC, KLD, and L2N, it is observed that, again, only KLD and L2N can distinguish the approaching seismicity for stations that are within 150 km radius to the epicenter. When the TEC of consecutive days for each station and for all periods are compared, it is observed that CC, KLD, and L2N methods are all successful in distinguishing the geomagnetic disturbances. Using sliding-window statistical analysis, moving averages of daily TEC with estimated variance bounds are also obtained for all stations and for all days of interest. When these bounds are compared with each other for all periods, it is observed that CC, KLD, and L2N are successful tools for detecting ionospheric disturbances.
      Keywords
      Cross-correlation coefficient
      Estimated variance
      Geomagnetic disturbance
      Geomagnetic storm
      GPS receivers
      Ionospheric disturbance
      Ionospheric plasmas
      Kullback-Leibler distance
      L2-norm
      Moving averages
      Seismic activity
      Sliding-window
      Statistical analysis
      Total electron content
      Earthquakes
      Global positioning system
      Ionosphere
      Ionospheric measurement
      Geomagnetism
      Permalink
      http://hdl.handle.net/11693/22140
      Published Version (Please cite this version)
      http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2009RS004313
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      • Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering 3524
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