Civil-military relations in Turkey: Toward a liberal model?

Abstract

In Republican Turkey, the military has always had respect for democracy. However, from 1960 onwards, the military intervened in politics on four occasions. This was because it felt responsible for dealing with internal as well external threats to the country. From 2002 onwards, however, the military began to openly question the very wisdom of intervening in politics. In the following years, the military seemed to have come close to thinking that the civilians "have the right to be wrong.". © 2011 Taylor & Francis.