Synthesis of polybenzoxazine/clay nanocomposites by in situ thermal ring-opening polymerization using intercalated monomer
Author
Demir, K.D.
Tasdelen, M.A.
Uyar, T.
Kawaguchi, A.W.
Sudo, A.
Endo, T.
Yagci, Y.
Date
2011Source Title
Journal of Polymer Science, Part A: Polymer Chemistry
Print ISSN
0887624X
Volume
49
Issue
19
Pages
4213 - 4220
Language
English
Type
ArticleItem Usage Stats
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Abstract
A new class of polybenzoxazine/montmorillonite (PBz/MMT) nanocomposites has been prepared by the in situ polymerization of the typical fluid benzoxazine monomer, 3-pentyl-5-ol-3,4-dihydro-1,3-benzoxazine, with intercalated benzoxazine MMT clay. A pyridine-substituted benzoxazine was first synthesized and quaternized by 11-bromo-1-undecanol and then used for ion exchange reaction with sodium ions in MMT to obtain intercalated benzoxazine clay. Finally, this organomodified clay was dispersed in the fluid benzoxazine monomers at different loading degrees to conduct the in situ thermal ring-opening polymerization. Polymerization through the interlayer galleries of the clay led to the PBz/MMT nanocomposite formation. The morphologies of the nanocomposites were investigated by both X-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopic techniques, which suggested the partially exfoliated/intercalated structures in the PBz matrix. Results of thermogravimetric analysis confirmed that the thermal stability and char yield of PBz nanocomposites increased with the increase of clay content. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Keywords
benzoxazine resinsclay
high performance polymers
in situ polymerization
nanocomposites
polybenzoxazines
thermosets
Benzoxazine
Benzoxazine monomers
Benzoxazine resin
Char yield
Clay content
High performance polymer
in situ polymerization
In-situ
Intercalated monomers
Ion exchange reactions
matrix
Microscopic techniques
Nanocomposite formations
Organomodified clay
Polybenzoxazine
polybenzoxazines
Sodium ions
Transmission electron
Ion exchange
Metal ions
Monomers
Nanocomposites
Polymers
Synthesis (chemical)
Thermogravimetric analysis
Thermosets
X ray diffraction
X ray diffraction analysis
Ring opening polymerization