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      Differential effects of nitrogen and sulfur deprivation on growth and biodiesel feedstock production of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii

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      Author
      Cakmak, T.
      Angun P.
      Demiray, Y.E.
      Ozkan, A.D.
      Elibol, Z.
      Tekinay, T.
      Date
      2012
      Source Title
      Biotechnology and Bioengineering
      Print ISSN
      0006-3592
      Volume
      109
      Issue
      8
      Pages
      1947 - 1957
      Language
      English
      Type
      Article
      Item Usage Stats
      158
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      276
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      Abstract
      Biodiesel production from microalgae is a promising approach for energy production; however, high cost of its process limits the use of microalgal biodiesel. Increasing the levels of triacylglycerol (TAG) levels, which is used as a biodiesel feedstock, in microalgae has been achieved mainly by nitrogen starvation. In this study, we compared effects of sulfur (S) and nitrogen (N) starvation on TAG accumulation and related parameters in wild-type Chlamydomonas reinhardtii CC-124 mt(-) and CC-125 mt(+) strains. Cell division was interrupted, protein and chlorophyll levels rapidly declined while cell volume, total neutral lipid, carotenoid, and carbohydrate content increased in response to nutrient starvation. Cytosolic lipid droplets in microalgae under nutrient starvation were monitored by three-dimensional confocal laser imaging of live cells. Infrared spectroscopy results showed that relative TAG, oligosaccharide and polysaccharide levels increased rapidly in response to nutrient starvation, especially S starvation. Both strains exhibited similar levels of regulation responses under mineral deficiency, however, the degree of their responses were significantly different, which emphasizes the importance of mating type on the physiological response of algae. Neutral lipid, TAG, and carbohydrate levels reached their peak values following 4 days of N or S starvation. Therefore, 4 days of N or S starvation provides an excellent way of increasing TAG content. Although increase in these parameters was followed by a subsequent decline in N-starved strains after 4 days, this decline was not observed in S-starved ones, which shows that S starvation is a better way of increasing TAG production of C. reinhardtii than N starvation. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
      Keywords
      Biodiesel
      Chlamydomonas reinhardtii
      Microalgae
      Nitrogen starvation
      Sulfur starvation
      Triacylglycerol
      Biodiesel feedstock
      Biodiesel production
      Carbohydrate content
      Cell divisions
      Cell volume
      Chlamydomonas reinhardtii
      Cytosolic
      Differential effect
      Energy productions
      High costs
      Laser imaging
      Lipid droplets
      Live cell
      Micro-algae
      Neutral lipid
      Nitrogen starvation
      Nutrient-starvation
      Peak values
      Physiological response
      Process limits
      Sulfur deprivation
      Triacylglycerols
      Wild types
      Algae
      Biodiesel
      Carbohydrates
      Cell proliferation
      Chlorophyll
      Feedstocks
      Glycerol
      Infrared spectroscopy
      Microorganisms
      Nitrogen
      Nutrients
      Sulfur
      Physiological models
      algal protein
      amide
      biodiesel
      carbohydrate
      carotenoid
      chlorophyll
      lipid
      nitrogen
      oligosaccharide
      polysaccharide
      starch
      sulfur
      triacylglycerol
      algal cell culture
      algal growth
      article
      biofuel production
      cell division
      cell volume
      Chlamydomonas reinhardtii
      confocal laser microscopy
      controlled study
      cytosol
      infrared spectroscopy
      nonhuman
      nutrient limitation
      three dimensional imaging
      wild type
      Biofuels
      Carbohydrates
      Chlamydomonas reinhardtii
      Cytosol
      Lipids
      Nitrogen
      Plant Proteins
      Spectrum Analysis
      Sulfur
      Triglycerides
      algae
      Chlamydomonas reinhardtii
      Permalink
      http://hdl.handle.net/11693/21374
      Published Version (Please cite this version)
      http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.24474
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      • Institute of Materials Science and Nanotechnology (UNAM) 1775
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