Differential effects of nitrogen and sulfur deprivation on growth and biodiesel feedstock production of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii
Author
Cakmak, T.
Angun P.
Demiray, Y.E.
Ozkan, A.D.
Elibol, Z.
Tekinay, T.
Date
2012Source Title
Biotechnology and Bioengineering
Print ISSN
0006-3592
Volume
109
Issue
8
Pages
1947 - 1957
Language
English
Type
ArticleItem Usage Stats
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Abstract
Biodiesel production from microalgae is a promising approach for energy production; however, high cost of its process limits the use of microalgal biodiesel. Increasing the levels of triacylglycerol (TAG) levels, which is used as a biodiesel feedstock, in microalgae has been achieved mainly by nitrogen starvation. In this study, we compared effects of sulfur (S) and nitrogen (N) starvation on TAG accumulation and related parameters in wild-type Chlamydomonas reinhardtii CC-124 mt(-) and CC-125 mt(+) strains. Cell division was interrupted, protein and chlorophyll levels rapidly declined while cell volume, total neutral lipid, carotenoid, and carbohydrate content increased in response to nutrient starvation. Cytosolic lipid droplets in microalgae under nutrient starvation were monitored by three-dimensional confocal laser imaging of live cells. Infrared spectroscopy results showed that relative TAG, oligosaccharide and polysaccharide levels increased rapidly in response to nutrient starvation, especially S starvation. Both strains exhibited similar levels of regulation responses under mineral deficiency, however, the degree of their responses were significantly different, which emphasizes the importance of mating type on the physiological response of algae. Neutral lipid, TAG, and carbohydrate levels reached their peak values following 4 days of N or S starvation. Therefore, 4 days of N or S starvation provides an excellent way of increasing TAG content. Although increase in these parameters was followed by a subsequent decline in N-starved strains after 4 days, this decline was not observed in S-starved ones, which shows that S starvation is a better way of increasing TAG production of C. reinhardtii than N starvation. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Keywords
BiodieselChlamydomonas reinhardtii
Microalgae
Nitrogen starvation
Sulfur starvation
Triacylglycerol
Biodiesel feedstock
Biodiesel production
Carbohydrate content
Cell divisions
Cell volume
Chlamydomonas reinhardtii
Cytosolic
Differential effect
Energy productions
High costs
Laser imaging
Lipid droplets
Live cell
Micro-algae
Neutral lipid
Nitrogen starvation
Nutrient-starvation
Peak values
Physiological response
Process limits
Sulfur deprivation
Triacylglycerols
Wild types
Algae
Biodiesel
Carbohydrates
Cell proliferation
Chlorophyll
Feedstocks
Glycerol
Infrared spectroscopy
Microorganisms
Nitrogen
Nutrients
Sulfur
Physiological models
algal protein
amide
biodiesel
carbohydrate
carotenoid
chlorophyll
lipid
nitrogen
oligosaccharide
polysaccharide
starch
sulfur
triacylglycerol
algal cell culture
algal growth
article
biofuel production
cell division
cell volume
Chlamydomonas reinhardtii
confocal laser microscopy
controlled study
cytosol
infrared spectroscopy
nonhuman
nutrient limitation
three dimensional imaging
wild type
Biofuels
Carbohydrates
Chlamydomonas reinhardtii
Cytosol
Lipids
Nitrogen
Plant Proteins
Spectrum Analysis
Sulfur
Triglycerides
algae
Chlamydomonas reinhardtii
Permalink
http://hdl.handle.net/11693/21374Published Version (Please cite this version)
http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.24474Collections
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