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      A simple approach for the fabrication of 3D microelectrodes for impedimetric sensing

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      Author
      Guler, M. T.
      Bilican, I.
      Agan, S.
      Elbuken, C.
      Date
      2015
      Source Title
      Journal of Micromechanics and Microengineering
      Print ISSN
      0960-1317
      Publisher
      Institute of Physics Publishing
      Volume
      25
      Issue
      9
      Pages
      095019 - 095019-11
      Language
      English
      Type
      Article
      Item Usage Stats
      138
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      127
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      Abstract
      In this paper, we present a very simple method to fabricate three-dimensional (3D) microelectrodes integrated with microfluidic devices. We form the electrodes by etching a microwire placed across a microchannel. For precise control of the electrode spacing, we employ a hydrodynamic focusing microfluidic device and control the width of the etching solution stream. The focused widths of the etchant solution and the etching time determine the gap formed between the electrodes. Using the same microfluidic device, we can fabricate integrated 3D electrodes with different electrode gaps. We have demonstrated the functionality of these electrodes using an impedimetric particle counting setup. Using 3D microelectrodes with a diameter of 25 μm, we have detected 6 μm-diameter polystyrene beads in a buffer solution as well as erythrocytes in a PBS solution. We study the effect of electrode spacing on the signal-to-noise ratio of the impedance signal and we demonstrate that the smaller the electrode spacing the higher the signal obtained from a single microparticle. The sample stream is introduced to the system using the same hydrodynamic focusing device, which ensures the alignment of the sample in between the electrodes. Utilising a 3D hydrodynamic focusing approach, we force all the particles to go through the sensing region of the electrodes. This fabrication scheme not only provides a very low-cost and easy method for rapid prototyping, but which can also be used for applications requiring 3D electric field focused through a narrow section of the microchannel.
      Keywords
      3D microelectrodes
      Flow-focusing
      Microfabrication
      Microfluidic electrical sensing
      Particle counting
      Electric fields
      Etching
      Fluid dynamics
      Fluidic devices
      Focusing
      Hydrodynamics
      Microchannels
      Microelectrodes
      Microfabrication
      Microfluidics
      Radiation counters
      Signal to noise ratio
      Electrical sensing
      Electrode spacing
      Etching solutions
      Flow focusing
      Hydrodynamic focusing
      Micro-fluidic devices
      Particle counting
      Threedimensional (3-d)
      Electrodes
      Permalink
      http://hdl.handle.net/11693/21148
      Published Version (Please cite this version)
      http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0960-1317/25/9/095019
      Collections
      • Institute of Materials Science and Nanotechnology (UNAM) 1775
      • Nanotechnology Research Center (NANOTAM) 1006
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